英语各种时态.docx
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英语各种时态.docx
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英语各种时态
一、动词的分类:
1.实义动词:
表示动作或状态,在句中能做独立谓语。
ShehasanewfriendfromAustralia.
Hetakesthetraineveryday.
Weleaveforschoolataroundseven.
2.连系动词:
不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
Heispopularinschool.
Twinsusuallylookthesame.
Treesturngreeninspring.
3.助动词:
不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示否定、疑问、
时态或其他语法形式。
Idon’twanttogoforadrive.(否定)
Weareplayingbasketball.(进行时态)
Doyouliketomatoes?
(疑问)
4.情态动词:
不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的
语气和情态。
情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。
ShecanspeakalittleEnglish.
Youshouldgotocollege.
Canyoucometomyparty?
二、八大时态
1.一般现在时
1)一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。
一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加-s或-es。
2)句型结构:
主语+V.(包括be动词)+宾语+…
Sheisanengineer.
Hehasbreakfastat6:
00everyday.
3)注意:
a)一般现在时通常与always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes,onceaweek等时间状语连用。
IalwayswatchTVat8:
00intheevening.
Hegoeshomeonceaweek.
Weusuallydoourhomeworkathome.
b)表客观现实或普遍真理。
Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.
Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.
c)表永远性的动作或状态。
Helivesinthecounty.
4)第三人称单数变化形式。
a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s.
come---comesspeak---speakswork---workslive---lives
b)以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.
do---doesgo---goesfinish---finishesbrush---brushes
fix---fixespass---passeswatch---watches
c)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.
study---studiescarry---carriescry---cries
d)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-s.
play---playsstay---stays
Wedoourhomeworkat9:
00everynight.我们每天晚上九点做作业。
Hegoestoworkat7:
00everyday.他每天七点去上班。
Weoftenplaybasketballintheafternoon.我们经常下午打篮球。
Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球围绕太阳转。
Thetrainleavesat6:
00.火车六点出发。
5)否定句和疑问句。
a)-----Heisanengineer.
-----Heisn’tanengineer.
-----Isheanengineer?
-----Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.
b)----Wegetupat7:
30inthemorning.
-----Wedon’tgetupat7:
30inthemorning.
-----Doyougetupat7:
30inthemorning?
-----Yes,wedo./No,wedon’t.
c)----Helikesmusic.
-----Hedoesn’tlikemusic.
-----Doeshelikemusic?
-----Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
e)----Whatdoyoulike?
----Ilikefootball.
----whendoesheplayfootball?
----Heplaysfootballonweekends.
2.一般过去时
1)一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastnight,someyearsago,in1990,inthosedays.等连用。
Iwasastudentsixyearsago.
IwenttoBeijinglastyear.
Theysawafilmlastnight.
2)句型结构:
主语+V.过去时+宾语+…
Hewasbusyyesterday.
Hemovedhishouselastyear.
Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
3)否定句和疑问句。
a)----Hewasbusyyesterday.
-----Hewasn’tbusy.
-----Washebusy?
-----Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.
b)----Hesmokedlastyear.
-----Hedidn’tsmokelastyear.
-----Didhesmokelastyear?
-----Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.
c)----Hejoinedthearmyin1990.
-----Hedidn’tjointhearmyin1990.
-----Didhejointhearmyin1990?
-----Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.
d)----Whatdidhedoonweekends?
----HewatchedTVonweekends.
----Whendidyousleeplastnight?
----Hesleptat11:
00lastnight.
4)动词过去式变化规则。
a)一般情况下的词加-ed.
work---workedcall----calledlaugh----laughed
explain----explainedfinish----finishedknock----knocked
b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d.
live----livedchange----changedgraduate----graduated
smoke----smokeddie----dieddrive----drove
c)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i加-ed.
study----studiedcarry----carriedcry----cried
try----triedmarry----married
d)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.
play----playedstay----stayed
e)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.
stop----stoppedplan----plannedpat----patted
f)动词不规则变化:
do----didgo----wentcome----camerun----ranwrite----wrotebegin----begandrink----drankkeep----keptleave----leftsleep----sleptmake----madelie----laydig----dugeat----ateknow----knewcut----cutset----setlet----letread----readhurt----hurt3.一般将来时
1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextSunday,soon,inafewdays等连用。
2)句型结构:
主语+will+V.原形+…(第一人称不用will用shall)
IshallgotoShanghaitomorrow.
Hewillhavelunchat12:
00.
Theywillhaveameetingnextweek.
----Whatwillshedotomorrow.
----ShewillhaveEnglishlessontomorrow.
----WillshehaveEnglishlessontomorrow?
----Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.
3)be(am,is,are)goingto
----WhataretheygoingtodonextSunday?
----TheyaregoingtohaveameetingnextSunday.
----AreyougoingtohaveameetingnextSunday?
----Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.
4)beaboutto+V.原形(不能与表示时间的副词连用)
Iamabouttoleaveschool.
Theyareabouttoleave.(√)
Theyareabouttoleavenextweek.(×)
4.过去将来时
1)过去将来时是立足于过去某时,从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。
主要用于宾语从句中。
2)基本结构:
主语+would/should/was/weregoingto+V.原形+…
Hesaidthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.
→Hesaysthathewillhaveameetingnextweek.
Theysaidweweregoingtoleaveschooltomorrow.
→Theysaywearegoingtoleaveschooltomorrow.
5.现在进行时
1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。
通常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。
2)基本结构:
主语+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+…
Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.
Sheiswritingaletterthisyear.
Look!
Theyaredancing.
WearestudyingEnglishatpresent.
It’sraininghardnow.
3)动词现在分词的构成
a)一般动词直接在词后加-ing
do–doingread–readingwork–workingthink–thinking
study–studyinggo–goingwatch–watchingjump–jumping
b)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,应先去掉e然后加–ing
like–likingtake–takingleave–leavinglive–living
write–writingdance–dancingcome–comingsmoke–smoking
c)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词,应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ing
stop–stoppingbegin–beginningdig–diggingswim–swimming
run–runningsit–sitting
(注意:
listen–listeningopen–openingeat–eatingrain–rainingsleep-sleeping)
6.过去进行时
1)表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作,通常与at6:
00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when引导的时间状语等连用。
2)基本结构:
主语+be(was/were)+v-ing+…
Itwasrainingat7:
00thedaybeforeyesterday.
Theywerebuildingtheirhouseatthistimelastwinter.
Wewerereadingwhentheteachercamein.
Weweren’treadingwhentheteachercamein.
Wereyoureadingwhentheteachercamein?
Whatwereyoudoingwhentheteachercamein?
7.现在完成时
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响;表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
通常与下列时间状语连用uptonow,inthepast,recently,by…,for5years,since1994,sofar,already,yet,ever,just…
2)基本结构:
主语+have/has+P.P(动词过去分词)
I’vefinishedthiswork.
HehasneverbeentoAustralia.
Ihavenotheardfromherrecently.
Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.
----Haveyoureadthisbook?
----Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
----Whathaveyoudone?
----Ihavedonemyhomework.
3)过去分词的构成(规则变化同过去式的构成)
不规则变化如下
dodiddonegowentgoneeatateeatencomecamecomehavehadhadwritewrotewrittenbewas/werebeenseesawseenhearheardheardswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkgivegavegivenforgetforgotforgottentaketooktakenkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughttelltoldtoldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadletletlet
8.过去完成时
1)表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态,强调“过去的过去”,常与bythetime,bytheendof…,before,by等引导时间的状语连用。
2)基本结构:
主语+had+动词过去分词+…
WhenIgottothecinemayesterdaythefilmhadbegunalready.
HehadlearnedEnglishbeforehecamehere.
Hehadaughtthisclassfor3yearsbythetimeIlefttheschool.
BytheendoflasttermIhadlearned2000Englishwords.
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