潘基文秘书长在荷兰莱顿大学英语演讲稿.docx
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潘基文秘书长在荷兰莱顿大学英语演讲稿.docx
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潘基文秘书长在荷兰莱顿大学英语演讲稿
潘基文秘书长在荷兰莱顿大学英语演讲稿
Thankyouforyourwarmwelcome.Itisaprivilegeandhonourtobeinvitedtoaddressthisprestigiousacademicinstitution.Iwouldalsoliketothanktheotherco-hosts,theCityofLeidenandtheLeidenUniversityMedicalCenter.
LeidenUniversityisaninternationallyrenownedhuboflearningandresearchwithahistorythatstretchesbackmanycenturies.
Indeed,oneofthepioneersofinternationallawandtheprinciplesthatguidetheUnitedNationsbeganhisstudiesheremorethan400yearsago,thelegendaryjuristHugoGrotius.
Manydistinguishedscholarshavefollowed.Today,eachofyouiscarryingforwardthatproudtradition.
IthankyouforyourcommitmentandwanttosingleoutforspecialpraiseyourUniversity’sglobalfocusandapproachtoeducation.
Ladiesandgentlemen,
Weareheretotalkaboutfreedom.Icanthinkofnobettertimeorplace.
Leidenissynonymouswithfreedom.
LeidenUniversity’scredois“BastionofLiberty”,andthecityitselfcarriesthemotto“forthesakeoffreedom”.
Thisisalsoaveryspecialday.Earliertoday,Itookpartineventsmarkingthe100thanniversaryofthePeacePalaceinTheHague.Andonthisdatefiftyyearsago,Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.deliveredhismonumental“IHaveaDream”speech.
Dr.Kingspokeofthe“richesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice”.Heremindedtheworldthattherightsofanyminorityshouldbethecauseofall.
Ashesaid,“theirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoourfreedom”.
Inotherwords,weshareacommonfuturewithsharedresponsibilities.
Thatunderstandingiseventruertoday.
Ourfreedom…ourpossibilities….ourperils…arelinkedlikeneverbefore.
TheUnitedNationsCharterspeakstooursharedfate–andhighlightstheneed“topromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom”.
Theword“freedom”suffusestheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.
Ourworktodeepenthemeaningoffreedomisbuiltonthreepillars:
development--orfreedomfromwant;peaceandsecurity--orfreedomfromfear;andhumanrights--orsimplythefreedomtoenjoyandexercisethefullbodyofhumanrights.
Thesepillarsareinterdependentandmutuallyreinforcing.
Therecanbenopeacewithoutdevelopment…nodevelopmentwithoutpeace…andneithercanbeachievedwithoutfullrespectforhumanrightsandtheruleoflaw.
TodayIwouldliketoaddressthosethreedimensionsoffreedom.
Letmebeginwithfreedomfromwant.
Atthedawnofthisnewmillennium,theinternationalcommunitysetoutonanunprecedentedjourneytotacklefreedomfromwantaroundtheworld.
TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsareourtouchstoneforthiseffort.Theeightgoalsandassociatedtargetsmakeupourblueprinttofightpovertyandhunger,expandeducationandhealth,empowerwomenandgirls,andensureenvironmentalsustainability.
Thankstocombinedeffortsfromgovernmentstothegrassroots,wehavemadeimportantprogress.
Theproportionofpeoplelivinginextremepovertyhasbeenhalved.Fewerchildrenarelosingtheirlivestomalariaandtuberculosis.Andmorethan2.1billionpeoplegainedaccesstoimprovedsourcesofdrinkingwater–achallengeonwhichtheNetherlandsandKingWillem-Alexanderhavebeengloballeaders.
Butthereismuchunfinishedbusiness.
Nineteenthousandchildrenunderagefivestilldieeachday,mostfrompreventablediseases.
Twoandahalfbillionpeoplestilllackaccesstosanitation.
Disparitiesbetweendifferentsocialgroupsarewidening.
Environmentalsustainabilityisunderseverethreat.
Ourplanetisstrainedandstretched.
Wemustintensifyoureffortsintwocrucialways.
First,withlessthan1,000daysbeforethedeadlinetoachievetheMDGs,wemustaccelerateprogress.
Second,wemustshapeaglobalagendabeyond2019withpovertyeradicationandsustainabledevelopmentatitscore.
ThesetwinchallengeswillbefrontandcentreattheUnitedNationsnextmonthasworldleadersgatherfortheopeningoftheGeneralAssembly.
Wehavealreadybegunthevitaldiscussiononcraftingapost-2019agendathatisambitious,inspiringanduniversal–relevanttoallpeopleandallsocieties.
Iwillcontinuetostresstheimportanceofempoweringwomenandgirls.
Societiescannotbefreeifhalftheircitizenscannotpursuetheirfullpotential.AttheUnitedNations,Iamstrivingtoleadbyexample.havenearlydoubledthenumberofwomeninthemostseniorUNpositions.Ourtopofficialsforhumanitarianaffairs,humanrights,health,developmentanddisarmamentarewomen.So,too,ismychiefofstaff.
Iamproudthatforthefirsttimeinhistory,fiveUNpeacekeepingoperationsinvolvingtensofthousandsoftroopsareledbywomen.
Theempowermentofwomenispartofawiderefforttomakesurethatallpeopleareabletoexercisetheirrighttoparticipateinthedevelopmentprocess.
Whenpeopleareengagedandtakeownership,theycanbecomeastrongforcetopromotelocalgovernance--advancetheruleoflaw--deependemocracy,developmentandpeace–andspreadfreedom.
Buttheyneedoursupport.
Iknowthisisatimeofausterity.Budgetsaretighteverywhere,includinghereintheNetherlands.Butwecannotshort-changeinvestmentsthatareneededtoliftthelivesoftheworld’smostvulnerablepeople.
Atthesametime,Ihavestressedaccountabilitytoensurethatgovernmentseverywheredothemostwithwhatevertheyhave.Budgetprioritiesaroundtheworldmustreflectpeople’spriorities.
Andyetstilleveryyear,morethanatrilliondollarsisdrainedonweaponsofwar.Thetimehascometospendlessonarsenalsthatdestroyandmoreontoolsthatbuild.
Ladiesandgentlemen,
Developmentandpeacearetwosidesofthesamecoin.Freedomfromwantgoeshandinhandwithfreedomfromfear–buildingsustainablepeaceandsecurity.Thisisthesecondpillar.
Earlierthisyear,ItravelledtotheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongowithDr.JimKim,PresidentoftheWorldBank.
Itwasthefirst-eversuchjointvisit.Wewenttosupportaframeworkforpeaceandsecuritytoendfightinginoneofthemostbattle-scarredplacesonearth.
TheUNhastriedtokeepandbuildpeacethereformorethan50years.Butwearemodernizingourapproach–engagingregionalpartnersandcivilsocietyandputtinganevengreaterfocusonimprovingthelivesofpeopleontheground.
Apeacedealmustdeliverapeacedividend.
Peopleneedtoseethefruitsofpeaceintheirownlives–throughschools,jobs,basicservices,theopportunitiestoliveinfreedom.
Aroundtheworld,wearereinvigoratingtheUnitedNations’useofpreventivediplomacyandmediation,peacekeepingandpost-conflictpeacebuildingtotackle21stcenturychallenges.
Thatisthewaytobuildsocietiesfoundedonhopeinsteadoffuelledbyfear.
Thatleadsmetothethirdpillaroffreedom–thefreedomtoenjoyandexercisehumanrights.
AllStateshavecommittedtoensuringtheirpeoplefreedomofopinionandexpression…freedomofreligionorbelief…freedomofassemblyandassociation…andfreedomofmovement.
Yetinfartoomanyplaces,weseeoppositionandobstaclestothosefreedoms.
Itcouldcomeintheformofcostlylawenforcementmachinerytosanctionorspyonthosewhospeakout.
Itcouldbeshuttingdowninternetandmediaoutlets,ordetainingdissidents,journalistsorhumanrightsdefenders.
Thinkofthereporterimprisonedforhavingrevealedcorruption.
Thewomannotallowedtowearherheadscarforanotherwhoisnotallowedtoshowherhair.
ThehumanrightsNGOprohibitedfromreceivingfunding.
Thepersonwithdisabilitiesnotallowedtovote.
Thestudentsforbiddenfrompeacefullydemonstratingagainstmisrule.
Fearisoftenthedriverforrestrictionsoffreedom.
Fearofthenew.Fearoftheunknown.Fearofwhatisdifferent.Fearofallowingothersasayinthedecisionsaffectingtheirlives.Orsometimes,simply,fearofthetruth.
Weseethisinrisingexamplesofnationallegislationthatrestricthumanrightsdefendersandcivilsociety.
Thereareagrowingnumberoflawsbeingwronglyusedtoimpedetheirwork,includinganti-terrorismandnationalsecuritylegislation;lawsrelatingtopublicmorals,defamationorblasphemy;cumbersomelawsontheregistration,functioningandfundingofassociations;official-secretslegislation;andlegislationregulatingInternetaccess.
Weseeitindozensofcountriesthatstillcriminalizeconsensual,same-sexrelationships.
Weseeitinbansonminaretsandotherrestrictionsthatdrivewedgesinsocietybytargetingminoritiesandmigrantcommunities.
Weseeitinarbitrarybansonpeacefulassemblies.
Andweseeitinsurveillanceprogrammesthathavegrownevermoreaggressive.
Letmebeclear.Concernsaboutnationalsecurityandcriminalactivitymayjustifyexceptionalandnarrowly-tailoreduseofsurveillance.
Butsurveillancewithoutsafeguardstoprotecttherighttoprivacyhampersfundamentalfreedoms.
PeopleshouldfeelsecureintheknowledgethattheirprivatecommunicationsarenotbeingundulyorunjustlyscrutinisedbytheState.
Thosedisclosinginformationonmattersthathaveimplicationsforhumanrightsneedtobeprotected.
Althoughsomeinpowermightclaimtheyneedtocurtailfreedomstopreserveorder,thisinfactcouldhavetheoppositeeffect.
Yes,protectingfreedomisnotfree.Itrequiresinvestments.Butcurtailingfreedomalsocarriesaheavyprice.
Whenpeopledonothaveameanstochanneltheirgrievances-whentheyarenotallowedtospeakout,protestpeacefullyorexercisetheirdemocraticrights,stabilitywillsuffer.
LooknofurtherthantheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,wheredecadesofoppressionbroughtaboutuprisingswhichhavenowledtodeathanddevastation.Thismorning,Ispokeaboutmydeepc
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