考研英语二真题及答案 MBA联考.docx
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考研英语二真题及答案 MBA联考.docx
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考研英语二真题及答案MBA联考
2020年考研英语二真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,2,ayoungersibling.
3,there’sanothersortofparentthatsabiteasierto4:
apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina7andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.
You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9happens:
Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould11theclockandstartover,We’veallbeenthere:
12,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso14yourchild’sself-esteem.
Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills
Certainly,it’sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:
asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.
1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky
2.[A]inaddition[B]forexample[C]atonce[D]byaccident
3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually
4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train
5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once
6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access
7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical
8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send
9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable
10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague
11.[A]turnback[B]takeapart[C]setaside[D]coverup
12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise
13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret
14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect
15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool
16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context
17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted
18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong
19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising
20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escape
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswersonthe ANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat—onesocialandoneasocial—for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.
Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dassumedwe’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.
Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.
21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.
[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
[D]sendoutwarmingmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.
[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.
[C]ItsetthetrappedTatsfree.
[D]Itmovedaroundalone.
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.
[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape
[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn
[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
[D]consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.
[A]canrememberotherrat’sfacialfeatures
[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks
[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.
[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings
(B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing
[PD]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
Text2
ItisfashionabletodaytobashBigBusiness.Andthereisoneissueonwhichthemanycriticsagree:
CEOpay.WehearthatCEOsarepaidtoomuch(ortoomuchrelativetoworkers),orthattheyrigothers’pay,orthattheirpayisinsufficientlyrelatedtopositiveoutcomes.ButthemorelikelytruthisCEOpayislargelycausedbyintensecompetition.
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup—toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporation—fromthe350largestsuchcompanies—nowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.
Whileindividualcasesofoverpaymentdefinitelyexist,ingeneral,thedeterminantsofCEOpayarenotsomysteriousandnotsomiredincorruption.Infact,overallCEOcompensationforthetopcompaniesrisesprettymuch.Inlockstepwiththevalueofthosecompaniesonthestockmarket.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica’shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.
Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany.”CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere’sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.
Thereisyetanothertrend:
virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Anagribusinesscompany,forinstance,mayfocusonR&DinhighlyIT-intensiveareassuchasgenomesequencing.Similarly,itishardtodoagoodjobrunningtheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbypickinggoodmoviescriptsandcourtingstars;youalsoneedtobuildafirmcapableofcreatingsignificantCGIproductsforanimatedmoviesatthehighestlevelsoftechnicalsophisticationandwithmanyfrontierinnovationsalongtheway.
Ontopofallofthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodothejobtheyhavealwaysdone—whichincludesmotivatingemployees,servingasaninternalrolemodel,helpingtodefineandextendacorporateculture,understandingtheinternalaccounting,andpresentingbudgetsandbusinessplanstotheboard.GoodCEO
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