VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES.docx

VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES.docx

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VIENNACONVENTIONONTHELAWOFTREATIES

VIENNACONVENTIONONTHELAWOFTREATIES

SIGNEDATVIENNA23May1969

ENTRYINTOFORCE:

27January1980

TheStatesPartiestothepresentConvention

Consideringthefundamentalroleoftreatiesinthehistoryof

internationalrelations,

Recognizingtheever-increasingimportanceoftreatiesasasourceof

internationallawandasameansofdevelopingpeacefulco-operationamong

nations,whatevertheirconstitutionalandsocialsystems,

Notingthattheprinciplesoffreeconsentandofgoodfaithandthepacta

suntservandaruleareuniversallyrecognized,

Affirmingthatdisputesconcerningtreaties,likeotherinternational

disputes,shouldbesettledbypeacefulmeansandinconformitywiththe

principlesofjusticeandinternationallaw,

RecallingthedeterminationofthepeoplesoftheUnitedNationsto

establishconditionsunderwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligations

arisingfromtreatiescanbemaintained,

HavinginmindtheprinciplesofinternationallawembodiedintheCharter

oftheUnitedNations,suchastheprinciplesoftheequalrightsand

self-determinationofpeoples,ofthesovereignequalityandindependence

ofallStates,ofnon-interferenceinthedomesticaffairsofStates,of

theprohibitionofthethreatoruseofforceandofuniversalrespectfor,

andobservanceof,humanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsforall,

Believingthatthecodificationandprogressivedevelopmentofthelawof

treatiesachievedinthepresentConventionwillpromotethepurposesof

theUnitedNationssetforthintheCharter,namely,themaintenanceof

internationalpeaceandsecurity,thedevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsand

theachievementofco-operationamongnations,

Affirmingthattherulesofcustomaryinternationallawwillcontinueto

governquestionsnotregulatedbytheprovisionsofthepresentConvention,

Haveagreedasfollows:

PARTI

INTRODUCTION

Article1

ScopeofthepresentConvention

ThepresentConventionappliestotreatiesbetweenStates.

Article2

Useofterms

1.ForthepurposesofthepresentConvention:

（a）'treaty'meansaninternationalagreementconcludedbetweenStatesin

writtenformandgovernedbyinternationallaw,whetherembodiedina

singleinstrumentorintwoormorerelatedinstrumentsandwhatever

itsparticulardesignation;

（b）'ratification','acceptance','approval'and'accession'meanineach

casetheinternationalactsonamedwherebyaStateestablisheson

theinternationalplaneitsconsenttobeboundbyatreaty;

（c）'fullpowers'meansadocumentemanatingfromthecompetentauthority

ofaStatedesignatingapersonorpersonstorepresenttheStatefor

negotiating,adoptingorauthenticatingthetextofatreaty,for

expressingtheconsentoftheStatetobeboundbyatreaty,orfor

accomplishinganyotheractwithrespecttoatreaty;

（d）'reservation'meansaunilateralstatement,howeverphrasedornamed,

madebyaState,whensigning,ratifying,accepting,approvingor

accedingtoatreaty,wherebyitpurportstoexcludeortomodifythe

legaleffectofcertainprovisionsofthetreatyintheirapplication

tothatState;

（e）'negotiatingState'meansaStatewhichtookpartinthedrawingup

andadoptionofthetextofthetreaty;

（f）'contractingState'meansaStatewhichhasconsentedtobeboundby

thetreaty,whetherornotthetreatyhasenteredintoforce;

（g）'party'meansaStatewhichhasconsentedtobeboundbythetreaty

andforwhichthetreatyisinforce;

（h）'thirdState'meansaStatenotapartytothetreaty;

（i）'internationalorganization'meansanintergovernmentalorganization.

2.Theprovisionsofparagraph1regardingtheuseoftermsinthepresent

Conventionarewithoutprejudicetotheuseofthosetermsortothe

meaningswhichmaybegiventothemintheinternallawofanyState.

Article3

Internationalagreementsnotwithinthescopeofthe

presentConvention

ThefactthatthepresentConventiondoesnotapplytointernational

agreementsconcludedbetweenStatesandothersubjectsofinternationallaw

orbetweensuchothersubjectsofinternationallaw,ortointernational

agreementsnotinwrittenform,shallnotaffect:

（a）thelegalforceofsuchagreements;

（b）theapplicationtothemofanyoftherulessetforthinthepresent

Conventiontowhichtheywouldbesubjectunderinternationallaw

independentlyoftheConvention;

（c）theapplicationoftheConventiontotherelationsofStatesas

betweenthemselvesunderinternationalagreementstowhichother

subjectsofinternationallawarealsoparties.

Article4

Non-retroactivityofthepresentConvention

Withoutprejudicetotheapplicationofanyrulessetforthinthepresent

Conventiontowhichtreatieswouldbesubjectunderinternationallaw

independentlyoftheConvention,theConventionappliesonlytotreaties

whichareconcludedbyStatesaftertheentryintoforceofthepresent

ConventionwithregardtosuchStates.

Article5

Treatiesconstitutinginternationalorganizationsandtreaties

adoptedwithinaninternationalorganization

ThepresentConventionappliestoanytreatywhichistheconstituent

instrumentofaninternationalorganizationandtoanytreatyadopted

withinaninternationalorganizationwithoutprejudicetoanyrelevant

rulesoftheorganization.

PARTII

CONCLUSIONANDENTRYINTOFORCEOFTREATIES

SECTION1.CONCLUSIONOFTREATIES

Article6

CapacityofStatestoconcludetreaties

EveryStatepossessescapacitytoconcludetreaties.

Article7

Fullpowers

1.ApersonisconsideredasrepresentingaStateforthepurposeof

adoptingorauthenticatingthetextofatreatyorforthepurposeof

expressingtheconsentoftheStatetobeboundbyatreatyif:

（a）heproducesappropriatefullpowers;or

（b）itappearsfromthepracticeoftheStatesconcernedorfromother

circumstancesthattheirintentionwastoconsiderthatpersonas

representingtheStateforsuchpurposesandtodispensewithfull

powers.

2.Invirtueoftheirfunctionsandwithouthavingtoproducefullpowers,

thefollowingareconsideredasrepresentingtheirState:

（a）HeadsofState,HeadsofGovernmentandMinistersforForeign

Affairs,forthepurposeofperformingallactsrelatingtothe

conclusionofatreaty;

（b）headsofdiplomaticmissions,forthepurposeofadoptingthetextof

atreatybetweentheaccreditingStateandtheStatetowhichthey

areaccredited;

（c）representativesaccreditedbyStatestoaninternationalconference

ortoaninternationalorganizationoroneofitsorgans,forthe

purposeofadoptingthetextofatreatyinthatconference,

organizationororgan.

Article8

Subsequentconfirmationofanact

performedwithoutauthorization

Anactrelatingtotheconclusionofatreatyperformedbyapersonwho

cannotbeconsideredunderarticle7asauthorizedtorepresentaStatefor

thatpurposeiswithoutlegaleffectunlessafterwardsconfirmedbythat

State.

Article9

Adoptionofthetext

1.Theadoptionofthetextofatreatytakesplacebytheconsentofall

theStatesparticipatinginitsdrawingupexceptasprovidedinparagraph

2.

2.Theadoptionofthetextofatreatyataninternationalconference

takesplacebythevoteoftwo-thirdsoftheStatespresentandvoting,

unlessbythesamemajoritytheyshalldecidetoapplyadifferentrule.

Article10

Authenticationofthetext

Thetextofatreatyisestablishedasauthenticanddefinitive:

（a）bysuchprocedureasmaybeprovidedforinthetextoragreedupon

bytheStatesparticipatinginitsdrawingup;or

（b）failingsuchprocedure,bythesignature,signatureadreferendumor

initiallingbytherepresentativesofthoseStatesofthetextofthe

treatyoroftheFinalActofaconferenceincorporatingthetext.

Article11

Meansofexpressingconsenttobeboundbyatreaty

TheconsentofaStatetobeboundbyatreatymaybeexpressedby

signature,exchangeofinstrumentsconstitutingatreaty,ratification,

acceptance,approvaloraccession,orbyanyothermeansifsoagreed.

Article12

Consenttobeboundbyatreatyexpressedbysignature

1.TheconsentofaStatetobeboundbyatreatyisexpressedbythe

signatureofitsrepresentativewhen:

（a）thetreatyprovidesthatsignatureshallhavethateffect;

（b）itisotherwiseestablishedthatthenegotiatingStateswereagreed

thatsignatureshouldhavethateffect;or

（c）theintentionoftheStatetogivethateffecttothesignature

appearsfromthefullpowersofitsrepresentativeorwasexpressed

duringthenegotiation.

2.Forthepurposesofparagraph1:

（a）theinitiallingofatextconstitutesasignatureofthetreatywhen

itisestablishedthatthenegotiatingStatessoagreed;

（b）thesignatureadreferendumofatreatybyarepresentative,if

confirmedbyhisState,constitutesafullsignatureofthetreaty.

Article13

Consenttobeboundbyatreatyexpressedbyanexchangeof

instrumentsconstitutingatreaty

TheconsentofStatestobeboundbyatreatyconstitutedbyinstruments

exchangedbetweenthemisexpressedbythatexchangewhen:

（a）theinstrumentsprovidethattheirexchangeshallhavethateffect;

or

（b）itisotherwiseestablishedthatthoseStateswereagreedthatthe

exchangeofinstrumentsshouldhavethateffect

Article14

Consenttobeboundbyatreatyexpressedby

ratification,acceptanceorapproval

1.TheconsentofaStatetobeboundbyatreatyisexpressedby

ratificationwhen:

（a）thetreatyprovidesforsuchconsenttobeexpressedbymeansof

ratification;

（b）itisotherwiseestablishedthatthenegotiatingStateswereagreed

thatra