高中完形填空解题技巧与方法指导.docx
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高中完形填空解题技巧与方法指导.docx
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高中完形填空解题技巧与方法指导
高中完形填空解题技巧与方法指导
一、利用首句来解题,根据全文来选择
首句一般不设空。
因此我们应重视首句,并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。
1.Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”
A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopeful
2.DorothyBrownwasveryhappyasshesatinthetheatrelisteningtothemusic.TodayherlittledaughterLaurenwasgivingherfirstconcert.Shehadbeenwaitingforthismomentforyearsandyears.“Nowitishereatlast,”shethought.“Howbeautifulher___1___is.”
ThesongmadehergobacktothedayswhenshewasLauren’sage.Asayounggirl,Dorothywantedtobeaconcertsinger.Shestudied___2___inFrance,ItalyandintheUnitedStates.“Youcanbecomeafine___3___inthefuture,”herteacherstoldher.“Butyoumustbepreparedtostudyhardandworkformanyyears.
1.A.voiceB.faceC.dressD.life
2.A.FrenchB.musicC.pianoD.dance
3.A.actressB.studentC.singerD.dancer
二、根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题
1.Ourfatherwasastrugglinglawyer,butIalwaysknewhewas .Henevercriticizedus,butused_____tobringoutourbest.
A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned
A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise
2.HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften
aboutthat,EdrefusedtobuyaT-shirtortoloseweight.
A.caredB.forgotC.quarreledD.joked
A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker
三、利用语篇标志解题
常见语篇标志词语:
结构层次:
firstly,secondly,thirdly;逻辑关系:
thus,therefore,so;递进关系:
besides,what’smore,further;转折关系:
but,while,however,ontheotherhand等。
Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.
A.disappointingB.wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important
因此,我们要善于找出(“三找”):
一找.逻辑关系题(转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进)
二找.NOT(在原文中找not)
三找.AND(在原文中找and)
四、根据逻辑推理解题
…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange______quitepleasanttaste.
A.besidesB.butC.andD.or
五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.Owningspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe_______areaslikethedesert.
A.dry B.distant C.deserted D.wild
六、从语法角度来解题
Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee. _____ Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensedloneliness.
A.Before B.Since C.Although D.While
2.Haveyouevershoutedatateacher,toldsomeoneyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthen______lateryouhadkeptyourmouthshut?
23.A.wishedB.hopedC.blamedD.shared
七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题
Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming___.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.
.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall
八、从词语辨析的角度来解题
When,twoweekslater,Ithissameboy,IwasmoreawareofmypositioninNigeriansociety.Ishouldenjoythiscountryasthesonofaminister.
A.ranafterB.ranintoC.ranoverD.ranto
九.根据找复现同现解题
复现
复现是一种词汇衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式,重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。
因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。
(1)原词复现。
为了表达的需要,在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。
如:
AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather______.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof______.Ifeltevenmorehelplesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.
A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.helplessD.pleased
A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help
(2)同义词、近义词复现。
同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式,或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。
如:
Thatiswhatahobbymeans,Iguess.Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthe______ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant;wedoitforthepleasureitgivesus.
A.benefitB.goodC.funD.interest
(3)反义词复现。
语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段,或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释,考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
如:
Forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t______yourmoney;itonlytightensit.
A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce
(4)同源词复现。
对于上下文语义复现的表达,还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。
如:
Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereading……Whenresearchis_________,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.
A.collected B.assigned C.distributed D.finished
(5)上义词复现。
上义词具有概括的作用。
在篇章中,有时为了表达的需要,作者会先概述,再分述。
概述时用的为上义词,分述则用比较具体的下义词,两者为总分关系。
如:
Othertimes,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof:
agriculture,divingandmathematics.
A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.contents
同现
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中,以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。
由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同,因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。
(1)场所同现。
如:
Ondays,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.
A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy
(2)修饰同现。
如:
Althoughthesewidemodernroadsaregenerally_______andwellmaintained,withlittlesharpcurves andmanystraight________,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemostenjoyableone.
A.stable B.smoothC.splendid D.complicated
A.selections B.separations C.series D.sections
(3)因果同现。
如:
“Hooray!
”shoutedthecrowd.ItwastheloudestIhadeverheardatameeting.Thefirst-placerunnerwastwolapsaheadofmewhenshecrossedthefinishingline.
A.cheerB.shoutC.cryD.noise
(4)结构同现。
如:
Sometimeshewouldinviteastudenttoagameofchess.,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyofsubjects:
agriculture,diving,mathematics.
A.AsamatteroffactB.LateronC.OthertimesD.Ingeneral
(5)同义同现。
如:
Ifastudenthasproblemwithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeither_______aprofessorduring officehoursormakeanappointment.
A.greet B.attach C.approach D.annoy
复现同现法解题综合练习:
1.Travellingwest,yousetyourclock____;travellingeast,yousetitahead.
A.behind B.forward C.back D.ahead
2.Usuallyitcannot(getout)becausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong.Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthis____andweak.
A.thin B.thick C.flat D.rough
3.Liumeiisamongthe____ones.TheChineseUniversityofHongKonggranted(答应给)Liuafullscholarship---HK$500,000.Notallstudentsaresofortunate.
A.poorB.smartC.luckyD.silent
4.Firstofall,hewasawindow-cleanerandinhisfirstweekhemanagedto_____sixwindows.
A.rubB.dropC.breakD.clean
5.Theylookedrather__23__becausetheovercoatsweretoobigforthem.
A.strangeB.youngC.nervousD.excited
6.Wewere______togobackforclassagainwhentheheadmastercalledustogetherandsaid,…
A.aboutB.ableC.sorryD.sure
7.Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage.…Someofuslike____friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.
Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages.…
A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar
8.Theprofessormarchedintothelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans(豆),andinvitedthestudentsto38howmanybeansthejarcontained.Afterlisteningtoshoutsofwildlywrongguessestheprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthecorrectanswer,and….
A.countB.guessC.reportD.watch
9.EveryThursdayafternoon,myarthistoryclassmeetsnotinourusuallecturehall(演讲厅)butinouruniversityArtMuseum.Wespendourone-hourclassdiscussingtwoorthereofthe______:
manyofwhicharebyartiststhatwehavealreadystudiedinclass.
A.subjectsB.paintingsC.speechesD.lectures
10.Iputmyheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew____,dressedneatly.
A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion
11.Ibelievethatamixtureoffriendsisequallyadvantageous.Onecan______fromvarioussortsoffriendsinthreeaspects.First,frequentcontactswithdifferentfriendsbroadenmyworldoutlooks.Justasvariouskindsofnutrimentskeepyouhealthy,makinga____offriendskeepyoulively.…Secondly,Ihavefoundthatdifferentfriendscannotonlyleadtonewadventuresbutalsoshowmenewavenuestosuccessinlife.…
A.obtainB.benefitC.sufferD.earn
A.rangeB.seriesC.quantityD.variety
完形高分策略(SkillsofClozeTests)
一、高考完形填空命题趋势
选材特点:
以记叙文为主,多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主
命题特点:
(1)设空特点:
名词\动词(5-8个)为主
(2)考点层次分三部:
里边层次:
(语篇层次30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路
句子层次:
(占70%左右)
单词层次:
(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做,分数较少)
(3)考查重点:
短文第一句不设问.
高考完形填空题型特点
1.以叙为主,叙议结合;2.篇章短小,意义完整;
3.首句完整,主题明确;
4.结构清晰,层次分明;
5.考查语境,侧重辨析;
6.实词为主,虚词为辅;
7.逻辑推理,隐于语篇;
8.常识语法,每年出现。
完型填空之能力训练目标:
1.词语辨析能力
2.语法结构分析能力
3.语篇理解能力
4.逻辑推理能力
5.文化背景透析能力
6.作者意图剖析能力
8.生活常识综合运用能力
二、考生易失分之处:
1、忽视行文逻辑,断章取义,就题论题。
2、脱离语境,滥用固定搭配。
3、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。
做题三忌:
v急于求成,未通读全文便忙于答题,不了解文意,无整体概念边读边填,两眼忙于空白与选项之间,欲速则不达。
v只抠字眼,语法,不顾文意,抓不住关键。
v断章取义,就题论题,不管前后联系,互不照应,前后矛盾。
三、做题三步法方法:
九大方法巧解完形
一、利用首句来解题,根据全文来选择
Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas 36 andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure.”
A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopeful
二、根据上下文语境,合理推断来解题
Ourfatherwasastrugglinglawyer,butIalwaysknewhewas 37.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.
37. A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned
38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise
Practice:
HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefuse
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