高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习含答案含详细答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习含答案含详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解培优练习含答案含详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
CamperLunchProgram
WearepleasedtooffertheCamperLunchProgramforfull-daycampersorcampersparticipatinginbothmorningandafternoonhalf-daycamps.
LunchattheOverlakeSchool
AttheOverlakeSchoolinRedmond,youcansignupforlunchatthetimeofregistration.Lunchisprovidedbytheschoolcafeteriaincludingahotmaindishandasaladbaroption.Limiteddietrestrictionscanbeaccommodatedinadvance.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:
00pmonWednesday.
$40for5-daycampweek
$32for4-daycampweek
LunchatViewSeattle
Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian(素的)lunchmenus.Besides,camperwithallergiesorsensitivitiesareencouragedtobringtheirownlunch.
$40for5-daycampweek
$38for4-daycampweek
LunchatSt.ThomasSchool
AtSt.ThomasSchool,lunchandsnacksareprovidedbySAGEDining.Lunchincludesahotmaindish,asaladbarandsandwichoptions.Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.
$50for5-daycampweek
$45for4-daycampweek
LunchatPacificScienceCenter
AtPacificScienceCenter,youcansignupatthetimeofregistration.LunchisprovidedbyourveryownPacificScienceCenterCafe.Everyday,standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:
00pmonWednesday.
$45for5-daycampweek
$36for4-daycampweek
(1)Whichprogramcanacamperwithabudgetof$35choose?
A.LunchattheOverlakeSchool.
B.LunchatViewSeattle.
C.LunchatSt.ThomasSchool.
D.LunchatPacificScienceCenter.
(2)WhatarecampersforLunchatViewSeattlerequiredtodo?
A.Stayfarawayfromanythingwithallergies.
B.Choosetheirlunchpreferencesinadvance.
C.Avoidbringingtheirownlunchforanyreason.
D.Sendemailstoofferadviceonimprovinglunch.
(3)Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?
A.TheyreceiveregistrationsonlyonWednesday.
B.Theyencouragecamperstobringsomesnacks.
C.Theyaremainlyintendedforvegetariancampers.
D.Theyprovidecamperswithtwosnackseachday.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。
(1)考查细节理解。
对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择LunchattheOverlakeSchool这个项目。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据LunchatViewSeattle部分中的“Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian(素的)lunchmenus.”可知,LunchatViewSeattle这个项目的露营者需要提前选择自己的午餐偏好。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据LunchatSt.ThomasSchool部分中的“Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.”和LunchatPacificScienceCenter部分中的“Everyday,standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.”可知,两个项目的共同之处是它们每天给露营者提供两顿零食。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.
AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmiles(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens.
"Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.
ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.
Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.
Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourneyfullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.
Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen.
"Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."
Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.
(1)WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?
A. Afunnyengineer.
B. Atalentedclown.
C. Agoodcook.
D. Apopularcomedian.
(2)Whatdoes"aconfinedspace"inParagraph3referto?
A. afullspace
B. anemptyspace
C. anopenspace
D. asmallspace.
(3)Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts?
A. Itcanstopthemfromfeelingbored. B. Itcanpromoteteamworkonamission.
C. Itcanmakethemfeellesshomesick.
D. Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.
(4)What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleofthecook?
A. Totellusthatwhatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.
B. Toprovethatanamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.
C. Tomakethepointthathumorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.
D. TorevealthatamissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“‘Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,’Johnsonsaid.‘Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer.’”可知,美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师,故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“suchasonamissiontoMars,”可知,与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同,在火星任务中,你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间,由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”,故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,”可知,幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起,也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作,故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.”可知,在压力大的情况下,幽默是一种减压的方式,第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子,紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点,即:
幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes(微生物)tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.
Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.
Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi(真菌)insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.
Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:
theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.
However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.
Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.
(1)Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?
A.Rich.
B.Rare.
C.Limited.
D.Difficult.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?
A.Causes.
B.Demands.
C.Strengthens.
D.Shows.
(3)Whatmainlycausesthesoil'stemperaturetorise?
A.Activebacteria.
B.Humanactivities.
C.Theoverusesofsoil.
D.Thewastesoffossilfuels.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
A.Warmersoilandmorecarbon.
B.Thesoilandtheenvironment.
C.Themicrobesandthetemperatures.
D.Hotterairandwarmerenvironment.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。
他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.”可知,and为并列连词,即intensifies应与之前的speedsup为同义词。
speedup意为“加速”,C项strengthen意为“加强;增强”可为同义词。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding”然而,化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。
燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。
额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。
随着空气和土壤变得越来越热,地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。
可知,人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“soilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。
末段提出了“Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeep
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