语法专题when几乎高考必考的用法汇总不会必然失分啦啦啦啦啦啦啦.docx
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语法专题when几乎高考必考的用法汇总不会必然失分啦啦啦啦啦啦啦.docx
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语法专题when几乎高考必考的用法汇总不会必然失分啦啦啦啦啦啦啦
【语法专题】第一讲when(几乎高考必考)的用法汇总,不会必然失分啦啦啦啦啦啦啦
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一、作为副词,它有以下的用法:
1.作为疑问副词,引导特殊疑问句,意为“什么时候;何时”。
如:
(1)Whenwilltheycomeback?
(2)Whattimewilltheycomeback?
回答when引导的从句,不一定指出具体的时间点。
如回答句
(1)可用tomorrow,nextmonth等。
而回答whattime引导的问句,则必须说出具全的时间点,如attwoo'clock,atfivepastten等。
2.作连接副词,引导名词性从句或不定式,意为“什么时候”。
从句使用陈述句语序,时态根据实际情况而定。
如:
(1)I'dliketoknowwhentheywillcome.我想知道他们什么时候来。
(when引导宾语从句)
(2)Canyoutellmewhenthebankopens?
你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗?
(when引导宾语从句)
(3)Whenshe'llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.她何时回来在很大程度上取决于天气。
(when引导主语从句)
(4)Haveyoudecidedwhentogosightseeing?
你们已经决定什么时候去郊游了吗?
(when引导不定式结构)
3.作疑问代词,常和介词since,till,upto等连用,意为“什么时候”。
如:
(1)Sincewhenhavetheyhadthehouse?
他们从什么时候起有这幢房子的?
(2)Tillwhenisthelibraryopen?
图书馆开放到几点呢?
4.作关系副词,引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
如:
(1)ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。
(2)Themainschoolholidaysarefrommid-DecembertillearlyFebruary,whenthedaysarelongandwarm.学校的主要假期是从12月中旬到2月初,这段时间里白天长而且很温暖。
(3)Considering(thetime)whenthesepaintingsweredone,theyareinexcellentcondition.考虑到这些油画的创作时期,它们保存的状况是极好的。
(4)Doyouremember(thetime)whenthethreeofuswentonapicnic?
你还记得我们三个人去野餐的那段时光吗?
在定语从句中,that在某些条件下可用来代替when,这时其先行词通常是time,day,moment,year等。
如:
(1)Hismotherdiedontheeveningthathewasborn.他母亲死于他出生的那晚。
(2)IstayathomeonthedaysthatIamnotbusy.在我不忙的时候,我就呆在家里。
在某些含有“时间”的名词词组后面,由于该名词不表示时间,或整个名词词组已用作连词,所以不用when引导。
如:
themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond等等,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。
如:
(1)ThefirsttimeIwenttoChina,IvisitedBeijing.我第一次来中国就游览了北京。
(2)IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.我第一次见到她时就认为她很诚实。
(3)TheinstantIsawhimIknewhewasmybrother.我一看到他就知道他是我兄弟。
二、作为从属连词,引导状语从句,表示多种语法意义:
1.表示时间,意为“当……时;在……的时候”。
A.在时间、条件等状语从句里,用一般现在时表示将来时;当需要表达将来完成的意义时,必须使用现在完成时来代替。
如:
(1)Whenyouseehim,pleasesayhellotohim.见到他时,代我问他好。
(2)Whenyouhavefinishedyourexperiment,pleasetidythelabandputeverythingbackinthecupboards.当你们做完实验后,请把实验室整理好并把物品放回柜子中。
B.表示过去发生的事情,在when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,动作发生在先的用过去完成时,在后的用过去时。
如:
(1)WhenIwasinJapan,Iboughtsomebeautifulpearls.我在日本时,买了一些漂亮的珍珠。
(2)WhenIreachedthestation,thetrainhadleft.当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
2.表示前面的叙述所没有提到过的信息。
它总是对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调,意为“这时;突然”;当位于句末的分句具有引种用法时,大致有以下三种情况:
A.when分句前面的分句使用过去进行时。
如:
(1)Hewasstillsmilingwhenthedooropenedandhiswifecamein.他正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
(2)IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.我正想着这件事时,突然听到有人叫我的名字。
B.when分句前面的分句使用was(were)aboutto,was(were)onthepoint等。
如:
(1)Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。
(2)Hewasonthepointofleavingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.他刚要走就有人敲门。
C.when分句之前的分句用过去完成时,其中sbhadhardly/scarcely/barely…when已成为固定词组。
如:
(1)Wehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.我们刚刚入睡,铃声就响了起来。
(2)Hehadscarcelyarrivedwhenhehadtoleaveagain.他刚刚到达就又要离开了。
3.表示条件,相当于if,引导条件状语从句。
如:
HowcanIgetajobwhenIcan'tevenreadorwrite?
如果我连读和写都不会,我怎么能找到工作呢?
4.表示对比,主要有以下两种情况:
A.相当于whereas,while,since,意为“既然;然而”。
如:
(1)HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon'tlistentome?
既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄明白呢?
(2)Theyhaveonlythreecopieswhenweneedfive.他们只有三本,而我们却需要五本。
B.when从句中使用虚拟语气,意为“本来……却……”。
如:
(1)Shepaidwhenshecouldhaveenteredfree.本来可以免费入场,而她却付了款。
(2)Shestoppedtryingwhenshemighthavesucceedednexttime.她本来下次有可能获得成功,但她却不再尝试了。
(3)Theyweregossiping,whentheyshouldhavebeenworking.他们本该工作,却在那里说别人的闲话。
5.由when等引导的状语从句,如果主语与主句的主语一致或是it,谓语动词又含be动词时,主语和be动词常常被省略,就变成“when+V-ing/V-ed/adj/介词词组”的结构。
如:
(1)WheninRome,doasRomansdo.入乡随俗。
(2)When(weare)young,wearefullofhope.年轻时,我们大家总是充满希望。
(3)Don'treachsidewayswhenstandingonaladder.站在梯子上时,不要侧着身子去够东西。
下面结合高考真题,再次分析一下when的用法:
一、when可以用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当„„的时候”,从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的(此时相当于while),也可以是非延续性的。
其引导的时间状语从句通常用现在时表示将来 [真题再现]
1. —He was nearly drowned once. —When was ____?
—______ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.(2002北京春招) A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
2. The reporter said that the UFO_______ east to west when he saw it.(NMET2000)
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel 3. —Can I join your club, Dad?
—You can when you _____ a bit older.(NMET1994)
A. get B. will
C. are getting D. will have got
4. When the old man ____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain.(2005湖北卷) A. started;had already hidden B. Had started; had already hidden C. Had started; was hiding D. Was starting; hid
5. I ___ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
(2005北京卷) A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. Mustn’t D. Needn’t
Key AAAAB
二、when可以引导时间状语从句,意为“一„„就„„”,相当于as soon as
例 I’ll tell her about it when she comes back. 她一回来我就把这件事告诉她。
We will stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom. 老师一走进教室我们就起立。
We will start when the team leader comes.队长一来我们就出发。
三、when可以作“如果;要是”解,引导条件状语从句,相当于if。
但when作“如果;要是”解通常表示对某事是否会发生有把握,if 则表示对某事是否会发生没有把握
例 How can you hope for mercy when you show none?
如果你不宽恕别人,你怎么能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?
Let me know when you need money. 如果你需要钱就告诉我。
(含有I’m sure you’ll need money之意)
Let me know if you need money.(含有perhaps you’ll need money之意)
[真题再现]
Don’t be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed.(NMET2003) A. unless B. since C. although D. when
key D
四、when可以作“既然,考虑到”解,引导原因状语从句,相当于since, now that, as或considering that
例 I can’t tell you anything when you won’t listen.既然你不想听,我就什么也不告诉你了。
How could you, when you knew that this might damage the apparatus?
既然你知道这样会损坏仪器,你怎么能这样做呢?
[真题再现]
1. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _______ it was the best time for it.(2005上海卷) A. where B. when C. that D. until
2. Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already?
(NMET1998)
A. that B. where C. which D. when Key BD
五、when可以引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;然而;可是”,相当于although
例She stopped trying, when she might have succeeded next time. 她不再尝试了,虽然下次可能就会成功了。
Professor Li walks to work when he might ride. 李教授虽然有车可坐,但他还是步行去上班。
六、when可以用作等立连词,意为“就在那时/这时”(=at that/this time),“然后”(=and then),通常与“be about to do„”、“be doing„”或“be on the point of doing„”连用
例We were about to start, when a strong wind came up and it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时刮起了大风,天开始下起雨来。
We hadn’t been out for long when she felt sick in the stomach. 我们出去时间不长她就感到肚子疼。
I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. 我正在做作业,这时电话铃响了。
[真题再现]
1. He was about to tell me the secret _______ someone patted him on the shoulder.(2002上海) A. as B. until C. while D. when
2. The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ______ in the office. (MET1991) A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
3. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _______.(2005湖南卷)
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
4. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They______at least 150 kilometers an hour.(2005重庆卷) A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
Key DDAB
七、when可以用作关系副词,引导定语从句。
这时when在定语从句中作时间状语
[真题再现]
1. The film brought hours back to me ______I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(NMET2001) A. until B. that C. when D. where
2. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.(2000北京春招)
A. that B. while C. which D. when
3. I shall never forget those days ______I lived in the countryside with the farmers, ________had a great effect on my life.(1994上海) A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
key CDB
八、when可以用作连接副词,引导名词性从句。
when在从句中既起连接作用同时也作状语 [真题再现]
1. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
2. I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.(NMET1993) A. when B. how C. where D. what
3. What I asked him is _______the story happened.(NMET1990) A. when and what B. which and where C. what and where D. when and where
4. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______ and see him.(2005北京卷)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
Key AADA
九、when可以用于固定句型“hardly„when„”,意为“一„„就„„” 使用该句型时要注意:
① hardly 后的谓语动词用过去完成时 ,when后谓语动词要用过去时。
②hardly位于句首时, hardly 后的句子要倒装,而when引导的句子不倒装。
例 He had hardly left home when it began to rain.他刚出门就下雨了。
[真题再现]
______ got into the room,_______ the telephone rang.(NMET1988)
A. He hardly had; then
B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not than D. Not had he; when
key B
十、when引导时间状语从句时,如果主从句主语一致或从句主语为it,且从句中的谓语部分含有be的形式,可将从句主语和be省略 [真题再现]
1. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003上海)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
2. When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002上海春季)
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
3. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not _____. (2005北京卷)
A. to arrive; leaving B. to
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