英语国家概况名词解释加拿大澳大利亚.docx
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英语国家概况名词解释加拿大澳大利亚.docx
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英语国家概况名词解释加拿大澳大利亚
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英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚
加拿大部分
treatyofParisin1763---thesevenyears'warendedwiththe
signingofthetreatyofParisin1763.bythetreatyofParis,
newFrancewithits65,000settlerswasceded割让toBritain.
Constitutionalactof1791---Britaindividedtheoldprovince
ofQuebecintotwoparts,lowerCanada(modernCanada)andupper
Canada(modernOntario),eachwithitsownlegislature.立法机构。
Actofunionin1840---联合法案recommendedthatthetwo
Canadasbeunitedinoneprovince.
FTAandNAFTA---itstandsfortheCanada-unitedstatesfree
tradeagreementsignedbythetwocountries,whichcameinto
effectin1989.
CanadianShield加拿大地盾---TheCanadianShieldcoversalmost
bandofrocky
半圆的halfofCanada.Itisasemicircular
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highlandsandplateausaroundHudsonBayfromthenorthern
shoresofQuebectotheArcticshoresoftheNorthwest
Territories.Itisaregionofhills,lakes,andswamps.沼泽
MackenzieRiver
MackenzieRiverisoneoftwoprincipalriversystemsinCanada.
ItflowsbetweentheCanadianShieldandtheRockyMountains
inwestCanada.ItisthesecondlargestriversystemofNorth
American.
Loyalist
ThefirstBritishsettlersinCanadawereAmericanrefugees,
whorefusedtofightagainsttheBritishArmyintheAmerican
WarofIndependence,becausetheyfelttheyweremoreEnglish
thanAmerican.TheycalledthemselvesLoyalists.Their
settlementslaidthebaseofEnglish-speakingCanada.
CanadianPrairie
CanadianPrairieistheCanadiansectionoftheGreatPlains
ofNorthAmerica.Greatstretchesoflevelandfertile
grasslandarefoundhere.Thisregionisthecenterofrich
wheatbelt.Wheatfarmingandcattleandsheepgrazingare
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importanthere.
BritishNorthAmericaAct
TheBritishNorthAmericaActisanactpassedbytheBritish
parliamentin1867tosetuptheDominionofCanada,uniting
Canada,NewBruckandNovaScotiaunderafederalgovernment.
MeechLakeAccord
In1987Canada'stoppoliticiansreachedanargument,offering
Quebecspecialstatuswithinthecountryandprivilegesto
unilaterallypromoteitsFrenchcultureandlanguage.The
agreementwascalledMeechLakeAccord.Itfailedbecauseof
thestrongoppositionfromCanada'sEnglish-speakingmajority.
theInuit
TheInuit,alsocalledtheEskimo,isthenativepeopleof
CanadawhocamefromAsiainprehistorictimes.ThewordInuit
means“thepeople”intheirownlanguage,whereasEskimois
anIndianwordmeaning“eatersofrawflesh”.吃生鱼的人
GroupofSevern七人画派
TheGroupofSevernwasagroupofCanadianpainters.They
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appearedintheearly20thcentury.Thegroupwasthefirstto
expressapictorialnationalismandaCanadianImpressionism.表现了绘画的民族主义和加拿大的印象主义。
LesJeunessesMusicalsduCanada加拿大青年音乐学会
JMCwasfoundedin1949tospreadmusicalcultureandpromote
themusicaldevelopmentofyoungCanadians.TodayJMChasover
100,000members.
Australia(澳大利亚)
thelanddownunder---Australialiesinthesouthernhemisphere.
itisalmosthalfwayaroundtheworldfromEngland.that'swhy
fromtheEuropeanpointofviewAustraliaisdownunder.
outback内地---inAustraliaistheareasthatarefarawayfrom
townsandcitiesarecalledtheoutback,especiallythedesert
areasincentralAustralia.(考过一句话)
muliticulturalism多元文化主义---itisatheorythatitis
beneficialtoasocietytomaintainmorethanoneculturewithin
itsstructure.italsoreferstothepolicybasedonthistheory.
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schooloftheair---itisaneducationalsysteminwhichlessons
aretransmittedbyradioandchildrenlearntheirlessons
througharadiosystem.
builtenvironment营造的环境---itwasbuiltbythepeople,and
itwaschangedbythepeople.
dreaming梦幻时代---thisisthemythical神话pastofthe
Australianaborigines.itisalsothebasisoftheirreligious
beliefsandcreationstories.
是一个表现想象力及创造力的时期。
convictsystem囚犯制度---itisthesystemofimprisoning
convictsinapenalcolony,especiallyinapenallabour
settlement.
eurekastockade尤里卡围桩---anumberofgoldminersarmed
themselvesbehindastockadeofwoodenslabs厚板andraiseda
newAustralianflag.thiseventisoftenreferredtoasthe
eurekastockade.
---itreferstoanareaoflandcovered
灌木丛Australianbush
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withnaturalbushesandtreeswhichhasneverbeenfarmedand
wherethereareveryfewpeople.
theAnzacs---TheAnzacsreferstoAustralianandNewZealand
ArmyCorps.TheyjoinedBritishandFrenchforcestofightthe
TurksatGallipoliduringWWⅡ.Althoughtheylaterwithdrew,
theGallipoliCampaignwasseenasanobledefeat.TheAnzacs
Day(April25)hasremainedAustralia'smostimportant
holiday.
ACTU澳大利亚工会理事会---itstandsforAustraliancouncilof
tradeunions,itisthemainorganizationalbodyofthe
trade-unionmovementinAustralia.
WhiteAustralianPolicy---TheWhiteAustralianPolicyrefers
totheImmigrationRestrictionActof1901.Accordingtothe
policy,onlyEuropean,especiallyBritishandIrish,were
allowedtomigratetoAustralia.WhentheysettledinAustralia,
allmigrantsshouldassimilate吸收themselvesintowhite
society.
1860s,
and1850sinrushgoldthe----AfterMelbourneMarvelous
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therewasanimportantrevolutionintransport,especiallywith
thenetworkoftramandrailwaysystems.Thischangedthepace
ofurbanlifeandtheappearanceofthecityandsoonpeople
werecallingthecity“MarvelousMelbourne”.Butbythe1890s
outsiderswerecallingthecity“MarvelousMelbourne”because
ofthebadsmellofthecity.
Murray---MurrayisAustralia'slongestriver.Itformsthe
majorpartoftheboundarybetweentheStatesofNewSouthWales
andVictoria.ItenterstheseainSouthAustralia.
Tasmania---TasmaniaisthesmallestoftheAustralianStates.
Itisanislandlyingsouthofthesoutheasterncornerofthe
Australianmainland.ItisoftencalledtheholidayIsle.It's
capitalisHobart.
AustralianCapitalTerritory---Shortlyaftertheformingof
federationin1901,theAustralianCapitalTerritorywasmapped
outofthestatesofNewSouthWalestobethesite.Canberra
isthecapitalofAustralia.
major
aProject,MountainsSnowy---TheProjectMountainsSnowy
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developmentproject,wassetupin1949bytheChifley
government.TheaimwastotrapSnowyMountainsriverwaters,
anddirectthewaterintotheMurrumbidgeeandMurrayRivers
throughdamandtunnels.Itwouldprovideelectricityandwater
forirrigation.
doubledissolution双重解除---Adoubledissolutionisthe
dissolvingofbothHousesofparliamentbytheGovernor-General
attherequestofPrimeMinister.Thisoccurswhenabillhas
beenpassedbytheHouseofRepresentativesandrejected
bytheSenateandafterthreemonthshaveelapsed,againpassed
byRepresentativesbutrejectedbytheSenate.Thenageneral
electionmaybecalledtosolvethedeadlock.
由联邦总督在总理的要求下解散议会两院
theAccord---Between1983and1993thereweresevenagreements
betweentheLaborgovernmentandtheACTU.Theyaremainly
concernedwitheconomicandsocialpoliticssuchaswage
politics工资政策.TheseagreementsareknownastheAccord.
协调,主要涉及经济和社会政策,例如各种工资政策。
at
formedwasParty--AustralianLaborParty-LaborAustralian
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thetimeofFederationin1901andistheoldestofthe
Australianparties.Since1910ithasbeenthelargestsingle
partyintermsofelectoralsupport.
MakarattaTreaty---Duringthe1983electioncampaignsBob
Hawkepromisedthatifhewaselected,atreatywouldbesigned
torecognizethattheAboriginalpeopleweretheoriginal
ownersoftheAustralianContinent.MakarattaisanAboriginal
wordmeaning“theendofadisputeandthestartofnormal
relations”.
MaboJudgment---In1992theHighCourtofAustraliapasseda
decisionwhichhasbecomeknownastheMaboJudgment.The
decisionrecognizedthatthepeopleofMurrayIslandinTorres
Straitheldandcontinuedtoholdnativetitletotheirland.
MabowasthenameoftheAboriginewhobroughtthecasetothe
courtandfoughtforituntildeath.最高法院决定承认Murray岛的人民继续保持他们自己领土的国家头衔。
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