高级网络计算.docx
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高级网络计算.docx
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高级网络计算
重点复习内容
三层结构
网格计算:
Globus,HourGlass
CloudComputing:
IaaS,PaaS,SaaS;GFS,MapReduce
P2P:
双重身份,OverlayNetwork,DHT(一致性Hash,距离)
IoT:
RealTimeData,RFID
关注:
计算如何分布,数据如何分布;计算如何利用,数据如何查询。
WebServices
参看:
chapter02_WebServices
N-TierArchitectureHistory
Client
DataLogic
BizLogic
UserLogic
LogicView
PC/
MainFrame
Standalone
DBMS
DBServer
AppServer
UI
2-Tier
3-TierC/S
DBServer
AppServer
PresentationLogic
N-TierB/S
UI
Twoproperties
self-describing,discoverable
WebServiceRoles
WebServiceProtocols
UDDI(UniversalDescription,Discovery,andIntegration):
用于注册和搜索WebService
WSDL(WebServiceDescriptionLanguage):
用于描述WebService
SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol):
用于封装WebService,将请求和数据通过网络进行传输。
以下部分供参考:
SOAP:
●SOAPisanXML-basedprotocolforexchanginginformationbetweencomputers.
●ThefocusofSOAPisRPCstransportedviaHTTP.
●SOAPisplatform-independentandthereforeenablesdiverseapplicationstocommunicate.
WSDL:
●WSDLrepresentstheservicedescriptionlayerwithinthewebserviceprotocolstack.
●WSDLisanXMLgrammarforspecifyingapublicinterfaceforawebservice.
●WSDLisnotnecessarilytiedtoaspecificXMLmessagingsystem,butitdoesincludebuilt-inextensionsfordescribingSOAPservices.
UDDI:
●UDDIcurrentlyrepresentsthediscoverylayerwithinthewebserviceprotocolstack.
●UDDIwasoriginallycreatedbyMicrosoft,IBM,andAriba,andrepresentsatechnicalspecificationforpublishingandfindingbusinessesandwebservices.
WSDLSpecification
●definitions:
rootelements
●types:
datatypes.simpletypes,suchasstringsandintegers,thetypeselementisnotrequired
●message:
aone-waymessage.containsmessagename,messageparameters,messagereturnvalues
●portType:
definemultipleoperations,acompleteone-wayorround-tripoperation
●binding:
concretespecificsofimplementation,SOAP
●service:
address,URL
Hello.wsdl
xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?
>
targetNamespace=" xmlns="http: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns: soap="http: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns: tns=" xmlns: xsd="http: //www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> string"/> string"/> SayHelloRequest"/> SayHelloResponse"/> Hello_PortType"> bindingstyle="rpc" transport="http: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> operationsoapAction="sayHello"/> body encodingStyle="http: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn: examples: helloservice" use="encoded"/> body encodingStyle="http: //schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn: examples: helloservice" use="encoded"/> Hello_Binding"name="Hello_Port"> address location="http: //localhost: 8080/soap/servlet/rpcrouter"/> GridComputing 3EssentialGridCharacteristics ●Coordinatesresourcesthatarenotsubjecttocentralizedcontrol ●Usingstandard,open,general-purposeprotocolsandinterfaces ●Todelivernontrivialqualitiesofservice HourGlassModel Internet Transport Application Link InternetProtocolArchitecture Application Fabric Connectivity Resource Collective GirdProtocolArchitecture ●Fabric: 提供网格服务的基础硬件,包括: 计算、存储、网络等等 ●Connectivity: 将硬件连接起来,并能方便地查找和使用及为保证使用安全。 ●Resource(neck): 将硬件转换成资源,并为资源提供管理和维护功能。 有限的资源构成瓶颈。 ●Collective: 将所有单个的资源形成一个网格,从而突破有限资源瓶颈的限制。 ●Application: 使用资源的的用户应用程序。 以下部分仅供参考,因为内容太多,过于复杂,因此只用来理解从而加强对上面的记忆。 ●Fabric: Computationalresources,Storageresources,Networkresources, ●Connectivity: Communicationprotocols(transport,routing,naming),Authenticationprotocols(SingleSignOn,Delegation,Integrationwithvariouslocalsecuritysolutions,User-basedtrustrelationships, ●Resource(neck): securenegotiation,initiation,monitoring,control,accounting,payment ●Collective: Directoryservices,Co-allocation,scheduling,andbrokeringservices,Monitoringanddiagnosticsservices,Datareplicationservices,Grid-enabledprogrammingsystems,Workloadmanagementsystemsandcollaborationframeworks,Softwarediscoveryservices,Communityauthorizationservers,Communityaccountingandpaymentservices,Collaboratoryservices, ●Application: Useapplications. GlobusToolkit: GridPlatform Information Services (MDS) Data Management (GASS) Resource Management (GRAM) GridSecurityInfrastructure (GSI) ●GRAM: GridResourceAllocation&Management,资源的分配与管理 ●MDS: Monitoring&DiscoverySystem,提供服务资源的状态信息 ●GASS: GlobalAccesstoSecondaryStorage,为使用服务的数据移动和存储提供支持 ●GSI: GridSecurityInfrastructure,底层的安全框架 ●GlobusToolkit: 是提供GridComputing的一套开发工具 OGSAvsWSRF OGSA: 用WebService实现GridComputing,WebService是GridComputing的基础。 目的是为基于网络的应用定义了一个崭新的通用标准体系结构—网格服务。 WSRF: 将WebService扩展成GridService,GridComputing是一种WebService。 目的是将GridComputing彻底融入到WebService中,从而充分满足更为广泛的网络计算需要。 CloudComputing 5EssentialCloudCharacteristics ●On-demandself-service ●Ubiquitousnetworkaccess ●Resourcepooling: Locationindependence,Homogeneity ●Rapidelasticity ●Measurableservice 以下是解释,供理解: On-demandself-service.Aconsumercanunilaterallyprovisioncomputingcapabilities,suchasservertimeandnetworkstorage,asneededautomaticallywithoutrequiringhumaninteractionwitheachservice’sprovider. Ubiquitousnetworkaccess.Capabilitiesareavailableoverthenetworkandaccessedthroughstandardmechanismsthatpromoteusebyheterogeneousthinorthickclientplatforms(e.g.,mobilephones,laptops,andPDAs). Resourcepooling.Theprovider’scomputingresourcesarepooledusingahomogenousinfrastructuretoserveallconsumersusingamulti-tenantmodel,withdifferentphysicalandvirtualresourcesdynamicallyassignedandreassignedaccordingtoconsumerdemand.Thereisasenseoflocationindependenceasthecustomergenerallyhasnocontrolorknowledgeovertheexactlocationoftheprovidedresourcesbutmaybeabletospecifylocationatahigherlevelofabstraction(e.g.,country,state,ordatacenter).Examplesofresourcesincludestorage,processing,memory,networkbandwidth,andvirtualmachines. Rapidelasticity.Capabilitiescanbeprovisionedrapidlyandelastically,andinsomecasesautomatically,toscaleupquicklyandrapidlyreleasedtoquicklyscaledown.Totheconsumer,thecapabilitiesavailableforprovisioningoftenappeartobeinfiniteandcanbepurchasedinanyquantityatanytime. MeasuredService.Cloudsystemsautomaticallycontrolandoptimizeresourceusebyleveragingameteringcapabilityatsomelevelofabstractionappropriatetothetypeofservice(e.g.,storage,processing,bandwidth,andactiveuseraccounts).Resourceusagecanbemonitored,controlled,andreportedprovidingtransparencyforboththeproviderandconsumeroftheutilizedservice. 3CloudServiceModels ●CloudSoftwareasaService(SaaS) ¢Useprovider’sapplicationsoveranetwork ●CloudPlatformasaService(PaaS) ¢Deploycustomer-createdapplicationstoacloud ●CloudInfrastructureasaService(IaaS) ¢Rentprocessing,storage,networkcapacity,andotherfundamentalcomputingresources 以下部分供参考: CloudSoftwareasaService(SaaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristousetheprovider’sapplicationsrunningonacloudinfrastructureandaccessiblefromvariousclientdevicesthroughathinclientinterfacesuchasaWebbrowser(e.g.,web-basedemail).Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructure,network,servers,operatingsystems,storage,orevenindividualapplicationcapabilities,withthepossibleexceptionoflimiteduser-specificapplicationconfigurationsettings. CloudPlatformasaService(PaaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristodeployontothecloudinfrastructureconsumer-createdapplicationsusingprogramminglanguagesandtoolssupportedbytheprovider(e.g.,java,python,.Net).Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructure,network,servers,operatingsystems,orstorage,buttheconsumerhascontroloverthedeployedapplicationsandpossiblyapplicationhostingenvironmentconfigurations. CloudInfrastructureasaService(IaaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristoprovisionprocessing,storage,networks,andotherfundamentalcomputingresourceswheretheconsumerisabletodeployandrunarbitrarysoftware,whichcanincludeoperatingsystemsandapplications.Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructurebuthascontroloveroperatingsystems,storage,deployedapplications,andpossiblyselectnetworkingcomponents(e.g.,firewalls,loadbalancers). CloudComputing实现 参考3_CloudComputingLecture\session2.ppt,session3.ppt GFS(GoogleFileSystem)架构与原理 ●Filesstoredaschunks ¢Fixedsize(64MB) ●Reliabilitythroughreplication ¢Eachchunkreplicatedacross3+chunkservers ●Singlemastertocoordinateaccess,keepmetadata ¢Simplecentralizedmanagement ●Nodatacaching ¢Littlebenefitduetolargedatasets,streamingreads ●SimplifytheAPI ¢Pushsomeoftheissuesontotheclient Leasemechanism ●Masterpicksonereplicaasprimary;givesita“lease”formutations ●Primarydefinesaserialorderofmutations ●Allreplicasfollowthisorder ●Dataflow
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