高中英语Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5.docx
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高中英语Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5.docx
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高中英语Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5
Unit1 Greatscientists
【导语】
史蒂芬·威廉·霍金,英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授,当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论学家,被称为“在世的最伟大的科学家”,还被称为“宇宙之王”。
HawkingStephenWilliam(1942— ),Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematicianwhosemainfieldofresearchhasbeenthenatureofspaceandtime,includingirregularitiesinspaceandtimeknownassingularities.Hawkinghasalsodevotedmuchofhislifetomakinghistheoriesaccessibletothepublicthroughlectures,booksandfilms.
HawkingwasborninOxford,England,andheshowedexceptionaltalentinmathematicsandphysicsfromanearlyage.HeenteredOxfordUniversityin1958andbecameespeciallyinterestedinThermodynamics(thestudyoftheinteractionofmatterandenergy),RelativityTheory,andQuantumMechanics(seeQuantumTheory).In1961heattendedasummercourseattheRoyalObservatorythatencouragedtheseinterests.Hecompletedhisundergraduatecoursesin1962andreceivedabachelor'sdegreeinphysics.HawkingthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityatthedepartmentofappliedmathematicsandtheoreticalphysicsattheUniversityofCambridge.
HawkingearnedhisPhDdegreefromTrinityCollegeattheUniversityofCambridgein1966.HestayedattheUniversityofCambridge,doingpost-doctoralresearch,untilhebecameaprofessorofphysicsin1977.HebecameoneoftheyoungestfellowsoftheRoyalSocietyin1974.In1979hewasappointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge.
【词海拾贝】
1.irregularity n.不规则的事物;不整齐的事物
2.singularityn.异常;奇怪
3.accessibleadj.易接近的;容易理解的
4.exceptionaladj.罕见的,特殊的;卓越的
5.thermodynamicsn.热力学
【问题思考】
1.WhatisHawking'smainfieldofresearch?
(nomorethan8words)
_______________________________________________________
答案:
Thenatureofspaceandtime.
2.HowdoesHawkinghavehistheorymadeknowntothepublic?
(nomorethan6words)
_______________________________________________________
答案:
Throughlectures,booksandfilms.
Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义
1.suspect A.向……挑战
2.challengeB.宣布;通告
3.concludeC.责备;谴责
4.blameD.认为;怀疑
5.announceE.结束;推断出
6.exposeF.暴露;揭露;使曝光
7.contributeG.小心的;谨慎的
8.cautiousH.捐献;贡献
答案:
1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.F 7.H 8.G
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词
1.________n.特征;特性
2.________vt.打败;战胜;使受挫(n.)失败
3.________n.治愈;痊愈(vt.)治愈;治疗
4.________vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
5.________vt.预见;预知
答案:
1.characteristic 2.defeat 3.cure 4.absorb
5.foresee
Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词
1.________:
tobepresentatanevent
2.________:
tohaveanideathatsomethingisbadbutwithouthavingdefiniteproof
3.________:
tomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople
4.________:
tomakesomethingdirty
5.________:
thepartofsthusedtoopenit;todealwith;tooperateorcontrol
答案:
1.attend 2.suspect 3.link 4.pollute 5.handle
Ⅳ.选用短语的适当形式填空
putforward;link...to...;expose...to;suspect...of;apartfrom;leadto;drawaconclusion;betoblame;beabsorbedin;makesense;bestrictwith
1.Wehadnodesireto________________ourplan.
答案:
putforward
2.Wemust________thisshamefulactivity________thenewspaper.
答案:
expose to
3.Thestudentssatintheclassroomand________readingEnglish.
答案:
wereabsorbedin
4.Weconsiderthatyou________fortheaccident.
答案:
aretoblame
5.They________fromthefactatlast.
答案:
drewaconclusion
6.Peopleoften________lungcancer________smoking.
答案:
link to
7.“You'veoftenmadethesamemistakes.Iwill______youfromnowon,”theteachersaidtoTom.
答案:
bestrictwith
8.________thecost,thedressdoesn'tsuitme.
答案:
Apartfrom
9.Whathehassaiddoesn't______.Ican'tunderstandit.
答案:
makesense
10.Theuseofinformationtechnologycould__________majorprogressfordevelopingnations.
答案:
leadto
Ⅴ.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语
1.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.
_______________________________________________________
答案:
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
2.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.
_______________________________________________________
答案:
人们既不知道它的病源,也不知道它的治疗方法。
3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery_timetherewasanoutbreak.
_______________________________________________________
答案:
每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
4.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehad_it_deliveredtoherhouseeveryday.
_______________________________________________________
答案:
有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的,她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。
JohnSnowdefeats“KingCholera”
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.判断正(T)误(F)
1.JohnSnowknewthatcholerawasnotabletobecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.
(T)
2.Thefirsttheorysuggestedthatpeopletookcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.
(F)
3.JohnSnowwasoncefrightenedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblemofcholera.
(F)
4.Thepeoplewhohadbeengivenfreebeenandnotdrunkthewaterfromthepumpwerenotattackedbythedisease.
(T)
Ⅱ.根据课文内容回答问题
1.Whycouldn'tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案:
Becauseneitheritscausenoritscurewasfound.
2.Whenthecausewasfound,whatdidthepeopledo?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案:
Theyremovedthehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.
3.What'stheextraevidence?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案:
InanotherpartofLondon,twootherdeathswerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.
Ⅲ.根据对文章的理解,将下面表格补充完整(每空一词)
JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”
Aboutcholera
•Itwasa1.________diseaseofitsday.
•Peopledidn'tknowitscauseorits2.____.
•Manythousandsofpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
Twotheories
•Choleraspreadinacloudofdangerousgas.
•Cholerawas3.________intopeople'sbodieswiththeirmeals.
Thecourseoffindingevidence
•Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoor4.________ofLondon,JohnSnowbegantogatherinformation.
•Hefoundtheoutbreakwasvery5.______intwoparticularstreets.•Afterfurtherinvestigationshediscovereditseemedthatthewaterwasto6.________.
•Whenpeopledidn'tusethe7.________water,thediseasesloweddown,whichshowedthatcholerawasreallyspreadbygerms.
8.________topreventcholerafromhappening
•JohnSnowsuggestedthatthe9.______ofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.
•Thewatercompanieswere10.______nottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.
答案:
1.deadly 2.cure 3.absorbed 4.neighbourhoods
5.severe/serious 6.blame 7.polluted
8.Measures/Steps 9.source 10.instructed
课文深层理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意
1.Para1 A.Offeringsolutions
2.Para2B.Whatcausedcholera
3.Para3C.Providetwocontroltheories
4.Para4D.Collectinformation
5.Para5E.Collectresults
6.Para6F.Analyzetheresult
7.Para7G.Findsupportingevidence
答案:
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.F 6.G 7.A
Ⅱ.仔细阅读课文,选择最佳选项
1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________.
A.thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater
B.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon
C.thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined
D.JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”
答案:
D
2.WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow'sdiscovery?
A.Thegovernment.
B.ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.
C.Thewatercompany.
D.Themapmadebyhimself.
答案:
D
3.Aslast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby______.
A.usingmedicinesinhospital
B.drivingpatientsoutofthecountry
C.dealingwiththepollutedwater
D.gettingridofallkindsofpollution
答案:
C
4.WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?
A.Choleramultipliedinthewater.
B.Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.
C.Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.
D.Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.
答案:
B
Copernicus'RevolutionaryTheory
Ⅰ.根据课文内容选择正确的选项
1.WhatmadeCopernicusfrightenedandconfused?
A.Thefactthattheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.
B.Theconclusionthatthesunwasthecentreofthesolarsystem.
C.Thefactthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.
D.ThefactthatGodmadetheworld.
答案:
B
2.Whydidn'tCopernicuspublishhistheoryimmediately?
A.Becausehedidn'tthinkitcomplete.
B.BecausehewasafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurch.
C.Becausehisfriendsforbadehimtodoso.
D.Becausenoonesupportedhisideas.
答案:
B
3.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?
A.Afterhisdeath.
B.Beforehetoldhisfriendsaboutit.
C.Ashelaydyingin1543.
D.Copernicus'theorywasneverpublished.
答案:
C
4.AllthefollowingmakeitstrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemEXCEPTthat________.
A.someplanetsintheskyseemedtostopormovebackward
B.someplanetsintheskyappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers
C.someplanetsintheskyseemedtogoforwardinaloop
D.thesungoesaroundtheearth
答案:
D
5.What'stheChristianChurch'sattitudetowardsCopernicus'theory?
A.TheChristianChurchobjectedtoCopernicus'theory.
B.TheChristianChurchwasinfavorofCopernicus'theory.
C.TheChristianChurchpaidmuchattentiontothetheory.
D.TheChristianChurchthoughthighlyofCopernicus'theory.
答案:
A
Ⅱ.判断正(T)误(F)
1.AtCopernicus'time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.(T)
2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth.(F)
3.Copernicusdidn'tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.(T)
4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.(F)
5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.(F)
6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontrib
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