雾都孤儿读书报告.docx
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雾都孤儿读书报告.docx
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雾都孤儿读书报告
AReviewofOliverTwist
李四英语六班
Ⅰ.Glossary:
(1)Faint['feint]P1paragraph2line2
adj.头晕的;虚弱的;模糊的;衰弱的
vi.昏倒;变得微弱;变得没气力
n.昏厥,昏倒
(2)orphan['ɔ:
fən]P2paragraph1line4
adj.孤儿的;无双亲的
n.孤儿
vt.使成孤儿
(3)council['kaunsəl]P4paragraph1line6
n.理事会;会议;委员会;顾问班子;地方议会
(4)chimney['tʃimni]P5paragraph3line1
n.烟囱
(5)hatred['heitrid]P8paragraph8line2
n.憎恨;怨恨;敌意
(6)whip[hwip]P10paragraph9line1
vt.抽打;煽动;搅打(蛋,奶油);[口]彻底击败
n.鞭子;抽打;车夫;搅拌器
vi.抽打;急走;拍击
(7)offence[ə'fens]P15paragraph1line2
n.攻击;违反;犯罪;过错
(8)sausage['sɔsidʒ,'sɔ:
-]P19paragraph6line4
n.香肠;腊肠;装香肠的碎肉
(9)withdraw[wið'drɔ:
wiθ-]P25paragraph8line5
vt.撤消;收回;撤退;拉开
vi.撤退;离开
(10)devil['devəl]P27paragraph4line3
n.撒旦;魔鬼;恶棍;家伙
vt.折磨
(11)lame[leim]P32paragraph5line3
adj.僵痛的;跛足的;不完全的;无说服力的
vi.变跛
vt.使成残废;使跛
(12)daybreak['deibreik]P45paragraph13line2
n.破晓;黎明
(13)pistol['pistl]P48paragraph8line2
n.手枪;信号枪
vt.用手枪射击
(14)mist[mist]P50paragraph3line4
n.薄雾;视线模糊不清;模糊不清之物
vi.下雾;变模糊
vt.使模糊;使蒙上薄雾
(15)tinker['tiŋkə]P53paragraph2line5
n.补锅匠;焊锅;修补匠;(美)小鲭鱼
vi.做焊锅匠;焊补;笨手笨脚地做事
vt.修补;粗修
(16)contemptuously[kən'temptjuəsli]P61paragraph2line1
adv.轻蔑地
(17)shady['ʃeidi]P67paragraph4line4
adj.成荫的;阴暗的;名声不好的
(18)beneath[bi'ni:
θ]P71paragraph4line6
prep.在…之下
adv.在下方
(19)kneel[ni:
l]P88paragraph3line1
vi.跪下,跪
n.跪
(20)stain[stein]P97paragraph7line3
vt.沾污;败坏;给…着色
vi.污染;被沾污;被染污
n.污点;瑕疵;着色剂
(21)interfere[,intə'fiə]P107paragraph10line1
vi.干涉;打扰;妨碍
vt.冲突;介入
Ⅱ.Introduction
CharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7,1812,inPortsea,England.Hisparentsweremiddle-class,buttheysufferedfinanciallyasaresultoflivingbeyondtheirmeans.WhenDickenswastwelveyearsold,hisfamily’sdirestraitsforcedhimtoquitschoolandworkinablackingfactory,aplacewhereshoepolishismade.Andatthesametime,hisfamilywereputintoprisonbecauseofthedebt.Atthispoint,Dickenshadtolivedonhisownandcontinuedtoworkatthefactoryforseveralmonths.Thehorrificconditionsinthefactoryhauntedhimfortherestofhislife,asdidtheexperienceoftemporaryorphanhood.Apparently,DickensneverforgotthedaywhenamoreseniorboyinthewarehousetookituponhimselftoinstructDickensinhowtodohisworkmoreefficiently.ForDickens,thatinstructionmayhaverepresentedthefirststeptowardhisfullintegrationintothemiseryandtediumofworking-classlife.Themoreseniorboy’snamewasBobFagin.Dickens’sresidualresentmentofhimreachedafeveredpitchinthecharacterizationofthevillainFagininOliverTwist.
Afterinheritingsamemoney,Dickens’sfathergotoutofprisonandDickensreturnedtoschool.Asayoungadult,heworkedasalawclerkandlaterasajournalist.HisexperienceasajournalistkepthiminclosecontactwiththedarkersocialconditionoftheIndustrialRevolution,andhegrewdisillusionedwiththeattemptsoflawmakerstoalleviatethoseconditions.
In1837,thefistinstallmentofOliverTwistappearedinthemagazineBentley’sMiscellany,whichDickenswasthenediting.ThepassionbehindOliverTwist,animatedinpartbyDickens’sownchildhoodexperiencesandinpartbyhisoutrageatthelivingconditionsofthepoorthathehadwitnessedasajournalist,touchedhiscontemporaryreaders.Greatsuccessful,thenovelwasathinlyveiledprotestagainstthePoorLawof1834,whichdictatedthatallpubliccharitymustbechanneledthroughworkhouses.
Ⅲ.Synopsis:
OliverTwistisaboywhoseparentageisunknown.Heisbroughtupintheworkhousewhereheandotherorphansaremaltreatedandconstantlystarved.Oneday,becauseOliverTwistaskedformoregruel,heissenttoanundertakertoworkasanapprentice.Unabletobearthebullyingfromanotherapprentice,OliverrunsawaytoLondon.TherehefallsintothehandsofagangofthievesheadsbytheoldJewFagin.Inthethieves’den,Oliveristaughtskillofpickingandstealingandisforcedtosteal.Heisrescuedforatimebythekind-heartedMr.Brownlow.ButNancyandothergangmembersfindhimandbringhimback.Itfinallyturnsoutthatamysteriousman,Monkswantstomaketheboyacriminal.OnceOliverisforcedtohelpaburglar,BillSikes,inaburglary.Inthecourseofit,Oliverisshotbadlywounded.ThekindlycarefromMrs.MaylieandherprotégéeRosebringshimbacktohealth.Nancy,whonowrepentsandregretsforwhatshehasdone,triestohelpOliver.ShetellsRoseandMr.BrownlowofthemysteryaboutOliver’soriginandisfoundoutbythegangandbrutallymurderedbyBillSikes.Thelattertriestoescapebutaccidentallyhangshimselfintheflight.Faginisarrestedandexecuted.ItisnowknownthatMonksisthehalf.BrotherofOliverandhedoesallthisforthepurposeofseizingthewholeofthetheirfather’sproperty.RoseisrevealedintheendtobethesisterofOliver’sdeadmother.OliverisfinallyadoptedbyMr.Brownlow.Monksisexiledanddiedinprison.Bumble,theself-importantbeadleoftheworkhousewhohasconspiredwithMonks,becomesaninmateoftheworkhouseoverwhichformerlyruled.
Ⅳ.Evaluation
(1)meritanddemeritofthenovel
1)Merit
Thenovelisfamousforitsvividdescriptionsoftheworkhouseandlifeoftheunderworldinthe19-centuryLondon.Theauthor’sintimateknowledgeofpeopleofthenovellowestorderandofthecityitselfapparentlycomesfromhisjournalistsyears.HerethenovelalsopresentsOliverTwistasDickens’sfirstchildheroandFaginthefirstgrotesquefigure.
2)Demerit
OnecontradictioninOliverTwististhatalthoughDickensspendsmuchofthenovelopenlyattackingretributivejustice,theconclusionofthenovelisquicktodeliversuchjustice.Atthestory’send,crimesarepunishedharshly,anddevilishcharactersarestillhereditarydevilstotheveryend.TheonlyrealchangeisthatOliverisnowacknowledgedasahereditaryangelratherahereditarydevil.Noone,itseems,canescapetheidentitydealttohimorheratbirth.TherealcrimeofcharacterslikeMr.BumbleandFaginmaynothavebeenmistreatingadefenselesschild—itmayhavebeenmistreatingachildwhowasbornforabetterlife.
2)comprehensiveAnalysisofthemeritanddemeritofthenovelthroughAnalyzingthemajor’scharacter
A.OliverTwist
Asthechildheroofamelodramaticnovelofsocialprotest,OliverTwistismeanttoappealmoretoourliterarysensibility.Onmanylevels,Oliverisnotabelievablecharacter,becausealthoughheisraisedincorruptsurroundings,hispurityandvirtueareabsolute.throughoutthenovel,DickensusesOliver’scharactertochallengetheVictorianideathatpaupersandcriminalsarealreadyevilatbirth,arguinginsteadthatacorruptenvironmentisthesourceofvice.Atthesametime,Oliver’sincorruptibilityunderminessameofDickens’sassertions.OliverisshockedandhorrifiedwhenheseestheArtfulDodgerandCharleyBatespickastranger’spocketandagainwhenheisforcedtoparticipateinaburglary.Oliver’smoralscruplesaboutthesanctityofpropertyseeminborninhim,justasDickens’sopponentsthoughthatcorruptionisinborninpoorpeople.Furthermore,otherpauperchildrenuseroughCockneyslang,butOliver,oddlyenough,speaksinproperKing’sEnglish..hisgrammaticalfastidiousnessisalsoinexplicable,asOliverpresumablynotbeeneducatedwell.Evenwhenheisabusedandmanipulated,Oliverdoesnotbecomeangryorrobbery,Olivermerelybegstobeallowedto“runawayanddieinthefields.”Oliverdoesnotpresentacomplexpictureofapersontornbetweengoodandevil—instead,heisgoodnessincarnate.
EvenifwemightfeelthatDickens’ssocialcriticismwouldhavebeenmoreeffectiveifhehadfocusedonamorecomplexpoorcharacter,liketheArtfulDodgerorNancy,theaudienceforwhomDickenswaswritingmightnothavebeenreceptivetosuchaportrayal.Dickens’sVictorianmiddle-classreadersweresuchaportrayalthievesandprostitutesatall.GiventhestrictmoralsofDickens’saudience,itmayhaveseemednecessaryforhimtomakeOliverasaintlikefigure.BecauseOliverappealedtoVictorianreaders’sentiments,hisstorymayhavestoodabetterchanceofeffectivelychallengingtheirprejudices.
B.Nancy
AmajorconcernofOliverTwististhequestionofwhetherornotabadenvironmentcanirrevocablypoisonsomeone’scharacterandsoul.Asthenovelprogresses,thecharacterwhobestillustratesthecontradictoryissuesbroughtupbythatquestionisNancy.Asachildofthestreets,Nancyhasbeenathiefanddrinkstoexcess.Thenarrator’sreferencetoher“freeandagreeable…manners”indicatesthatsheisaprostitute.Sheisimmersedinthevicescondemnedbyhersociety,butheralsocommitsperhapsthemostnobleactinthenovelwhenshesacrificesherownlifeinordertoprotectOliver.Nancy’smoralcomplexityisuniqueamongthemajorcharactersinOliverTwist.Thenovelisfullofcharacterswhoareallgoodandcanbarelycomprehendevil,suchasOliver,Rose,andBrownlow,andcharacterswhoareallevilandcanbarelycomprehendsgood,suchasFagin,Sikes,andMonks.OnlyNancycomprehendsandiscapableofthebothgoodandevil.Herultimatechoicetodogoodatagreatpersonalcostisastrongargumentinfavoroftheincorruptibilityofbasicgoodness,nomatterhowmanyenvironmentalobstaclesitmayface.
Nancy’sloveforSikesexemplifiesthemoralambiguityofhercharacter.AssheherselfpointsouttoRose,devotiontoamancanbe“acomfortandapride”undertherightcircumstances.ButforNancy,suchdevotionis“anewmeansofviolenceandsuffering”—indeed,herrelationshipwithSikesleadshertocriminalactsforhissakeandeventua
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