全新版大学英语笔记Unit5 book1.docx
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全新版大学英语笔记Unit5 book1.docx
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全新版大学英语笔记Unit5book1
precisely:
adv.
1.exactly;just
-Planesflydailyoverregularrouteswithtimetableprecisely.
-Scientistsdonotyetknowpreciselyhowinsectscanproducetheirtoxicdefensivechemicalswithoutpoisoningthemselves.
-Sincehisownideaswereinflux,itisdifficulttoknowpreciselywherehestood.
-每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。
(Everylorryindeedispackedwithpreciselythearticleswhicheachunitwillrequire.)
2.quiteso
-—Soyouthinkitwasamistake?
—Precisely.
acquaintance:
n.
1.arelationshipwithsomeoneyouknow,butwhoisnotaclosefriend
-IhaveanoddingacquaintancewithGerman.
-Ourmereacquaintanceripenedintofriendship.
-我与他素昧平生。
(Ihavenevermadehisacquaintance.)
-Sherecalledthepast,tryingtobringbacktohermemoryincidentsoftheiroldacquaintance.
2.personwhomoneknows(lessintimatelythanafriend)
-Sheisanoldacquaintanceofmysister.
-Hehasawidecircleofacquaintances.
Collocation:
makesb.’sacquaintance结识某人
dropanacquaintance断绝往来
haveacasualacquaintance半生不熟
renewanacquaintance重建友谊
CF:
friend,mate,acquaintance&pal
这些名词都有“朋友”之意。
friend一般用词,指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。
例如:
-I’veknownherforyears,butshewasneverafriend.(我认识她多年了,但成不了朋友。
)
mate最普通用词,可与其他名词连用,构成如:
classmate,deskmate,schoolmate等词。
既可指好友、同事,又可指合伙人,还可指配偶的一方。
例如:
-Theblackbirdsatonthenestwaitingforthereturnofhermate.(黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。
)
acquaintance指彼此相识,但交往不甚密切,相互间没有深厚情感的人。
例如:
-Heisanoldacquaintanceofmyfather.(他是我父亲的老相识。
)
pal口语用词,指十分要好的朋友。
例如:
-We’vebeenpalssincechildhood.(我们自儿时就是好朋友。
)
instantly:
adv.atonce;immediately
-Instantlythebloodcreptwarmlyoverherbody.
-Hismanlybeautyandmorethancommongracefulnesswereinstantlythethemeofgeneraladmiration.
-霎那间,迪克意识到他处境危险。
(InstantlyDickawoketotheterrorsofhisposition.)
-Sometimesheinstantlyapprovedaproposalwhoseprospectseemedexceedinglybleak.
workaholic:
n.apersonwholikestoworktoohardorisunabletostopworking
-Hewasalifelongworkaholic,whopainteddawntodusksevendaysaweek.
-InAmerica,itisgenerallybelievedthatbeingaworkaholicisunhealthyandharmful.
-AgroupofJapanesemenhopetoencourageworkaholichusbandstoheadhomeearlyandshowtheirwivessomeappreciation.
N.B.:
词缀–aholic,-holic,-oholic在某些词后面表示“沉溺于,无法摆脱”的意思。
如:
shop-aholic,golf-aholic,tobaccoholic等。
classic:
1.adj.Ofthehighestquality;havingavalueorpositionrecognizedandunquestioned
-ItisveryinterestingforaChinesetoreadanEnglishtranslatedversionoftheChineseclassicnovelTheDreamofRedMansions.
-The7-Elevenchainistheclassicexampleofconveniencestore.
2.n.
1)writer,artist,book,etc.ofthehighestclass
-CharlesDickensisaclassic.
2)outstandingexampleofitskind
-Mywatchbandisaclassicmadein1960byRobinsons.
-He’shopingthattomorrow’sgamewillbeaclassic.
dayoff:
dayonwhichonedoesnothavetowork
-Onmydayoff,I’llfixthetipsyfence.
-Itfeltlikeabigsickjokewhenthecompanymadeusworkonourdayoff.
-ThereweremanyChineseworkersonadayoff,alllookingcheerfulandhealthy.
-下次休假时,我再来看你。
(I’llcomeovertoseeyouonmynextdayoff.)
conceivably:
adv.imaginably;believably
-Accordingtosomescientists,thediseasecouldconceivablybetransferredtohumans.
-Shebroughtmearaincoatbecauseshethoughtitmightconceivablybeusefultome.
-他的话想来不会是他的原意。
(Hecouldn’tconceivablyhavemeantwhathesaid.)
retire:
v.(causeto)stopworkingatone’sjob,usu.becauseofage(followedbyfrom)
-WorkersinChinacanallgetapensionaftertheyretire.
-Theschoolhadtoemploytheretiredteacherstogiveclasses.
-Hewillretirefromhisjobnextyearandtakethingseasy.
spot:
1.n.
1)smallroundmark;dirtymark
-Whichhasspots,theleopardorthetiger?
-Hetriedtoremovethespotonhissweaterwithsoapandwater.
2)particularplaceorarea
-Formanyyears,Spainwasafavouriteholidayspot.
-Whenthefightstarted,policeandreportersweresoononthespot.
2.vt.
1)pickout;recognize
-Wespottedasuperstarinthecrowd.
-走在街上,我看见了一个老朋友。
(IspottedoneofmyoldfriendswhenIwaswalkingonthestreets.)
2)markwithspots
-Shehastwodogs,ayellowoneandaspottedone.
-Shewaswearingawhitedressspottedwithred.
executive:
1.adj.havingthepowertomakeandcarryoutdecisions,esp.inbusiness
-Hehasbeengivenfullexecutivepower.
-TheUSConstitutionveststheexecutivepowerinthePresident.
-美国总统是政府的行政首脑。
(ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistheexecutiveheadofthegovernment.)
2.n.personwithadministrativeormanagerialpowers
-She’sanexecutiveinacomputercompany.
-Theexecutivehasbeenmakingdecisionsaboutthefutureofthecompany.
extracurricular:
adj.outsidetheregularcourseofworkorstudiesinschoolorcollege
-Sportsanddramaaretheschool’smostpopularextracurricularactivities.
-Theschoolencouragesstudentstohaverichandcolorfulextracurricularlife.
-Extracurricularactivitiesareanindispensablepartofschoollife.
Collocation:
extracurricularactivities课外活动
extracurricularathletics课外体育活动
extracurricularlife课余生活
extracurricularpastime业余消遣
extracurricularbooks课外书
survive:
v.continuetoliveorexist;livelongerthan;remainaliveafter
-WilltheLunarNewYearsurvivemodernlivingandcompetinginfluences?
-Inordertosurviveanddevelopinthefuture,wemustseizethisrareopportunity.
-这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是九死一生。
(Itisanarrowescapethatthewholefamilysurvivetheearthquake.)
CF:
survive,continue,remain&last
这些词都是动词,都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。
survive可作及物和不及物动词,含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。
continue为中性词,且不带任何感情色彩,指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。
remain指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。
last即“持续”、“经受住”之意,特指某事物继续存在,或最为普通意义上的时间持续。
Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Tenofthemsurvivedtheshipwreck.
2.Littleofthebuildingremainedaftertheexplosion.
3.Sheisfondofperfumewiththescentthatlastsalongtime.
4.HecontinuedreadingwhenIspoketohim.
5.Itisbelievedthatusuallywomensurvivemen.
marketable:
adj.suitableforthedemandofthemarket;thatcanbesoldeasily
-Thisnewtypeofcameraisahighlymarketableproduct.
-Collegestudentsshouldstudytomakethemmarketablewhentheyfinallygettheirdegreesordiplomas.
-Lookingatthecurrenteconomicgloom,Ievenresentmyselfforpursuingpaperqualificationblindlyandignoringavaluableandmarketableskill.
compete:
vi.trytowinsth.bydefeatingotherswhoaretryingtodothesame
-Athleteswillcompeteagainsteachotheraccordingtotheknockoutsystem.
-Johncompetedforaplaceatschool,buthedidn’tgetin.
-Wemuststrivetofullyequipourselvestoseizenewopportunitiesandtocompetesuccessfullyintheglobalmarketasweenterthisnewera.
-虽然只有四匹马竞争,但比赛很精彩。
(Althoughtherewereonlyfourhorsescompeting,itwasanexcitingrace.)
Pattern:
competeagainst(with)与…竞争
competefor为…竞争
competein在…中竞争
beloved:
1.adj.dearlyloved
-Heneverrecoveredfromthedeathofhisbeloveddaughter.
-Thismanwasbelovedby/ofallwhoknewhim.
-Everyloverseesathousandgracesinthebelovedobject.(情人眼里出西施。
)
2.n.dearlylovedperson
-Ireceivedadozenrosesfrommybelovedonmybirthday.
-Hewroteasonnettohisbeloved.
firm:
n.abusinesscompany
-Noemployeesofthefirmareallowedtoanticipatetheirsalary.
-Theydemandedthedivorceofthesubsidiaryfromtheparentfirm.
-公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。
(Thefirmshoulddistributeontheprincipleofequalpayforequalwork.)
-Thedirectorwascarefulnottolaythefirm’splansbare.(董事很注意不外露公司的计划。
)
embarrass:
vt.make(sb.)feelawkwardorashamed
-I’msosorrytoembarrassyouinfrontofyourfriends.
-Hewasveryembarrassedtohearpeoplespeaksohighlyofhim.
-EyecontactmayconveysincerityandattentivenessinWesterncultures,buttoomucheyecontactmayembarrasspeopleinsomeorientalcultures.
-这是一个尴尬的局面,但是他们成功地应付过去了。
(Itwasanembarrassingsituation,buttheycarrieditoffwell.)
odd:
adj.
1.strange;unusual
-Wealwaysmeetinoddcircumstances.
-Shegetsodderasshegrowsolder.
-Don’tyouthinkitoddthatthefamouspopsingershouldhavecommittedsuicide?
2.separatedfromitspairorset
-Therewasnothingbutanoddshoeundertheoldman’sbed.
3.(ofnumbers)unabletobedividedbytwo
-1,3,5areoddnumbers.
CF:
strange,odd,peculiar&eccentric
这些形容词均含有“奇怪的、奇异的、新奇的”之意。
strange普通常用词,含义广泛,指陌生、新奇、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
例如:
-Thedoctorthoughtherstrangebehaviourwascausedbystress.(医生认为她那奇怪的举止是由于紧张所致。
)
odd通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物,往往令人困惑或奇怪。
例如:
-Heisratheranoddman.(他是个颇为古怪的人。
)
peculiar常含有令人不快的“奇怪”、“奇异”之意;侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性。
例如:
-Thisfoodhasgotapeculiartaste.(这食物味道怪异。
)
eccentric指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
例如:
-Ifyougotothepartyinslippers,youwillbeconsideredrathereccentric.(如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话,人们会认为你有些古怪。
)
grab:
1.v.takeroughly,snatcheagerly
-Sincethelate15thcentury,Westerncolonialistsstartedtograbandconquercoloniesinabigway.
-Theboygrabbedatanyexcusetoavoiddoingdishes.
-他抓住了去美国的机会。
(HegrabbedthechancetogototheUS.)
Collocation:
grabachance抓住机会
grabaseat强占座位
grabatsb./sth.试图抓住…;抢夺…
2.n.asuddenattempttoseizesth.
-Theboymadeagrabatthefrog,butitjumpedaway.
-他一把抓住柜台上的钱。
(Hemadeagrabatthemoneyonthecounter.)
board:
v.
1.getinto(ashiporpublicvehicle)
-WedecidedspontaneouslytoboardatrainforGeneva.
-Beforeboardingtheplane,Jennytriedoncemoretocallhome.
2.getorsupply
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