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精品文档31中英文双语外文文献翻译利用正向渗透应用于废活性污泥同步增稠消化和直接脱水的可行性

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外文标题：

Feasibilityofapplyingforwardosmosistothesimultaneousthickening,digestion,anddirectdewateringofwasteactivatedsludge

外文作者：

HongtaoZhu,LiqiuZhang,XianghuaWen,XiaHuang

文献出处:

《BioresourceTechnology》,2018,113（113）:

207-213（如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做）

英文5098单词，26874字符（字符就是印刷符），中文7485汉字。

Feasibilityofapplyingforwardosmosistothesimultaneousthickening,digestion,anddirectdewateringofwasteactivatedsludge

Abstract

Thefeasibilityofapplyingforwardosmosis（FO）tothesimultaneousthickening,digestion,anddewateringofwasteactivatedsludgewasinvestigated.After19daysofoperation,thetotalreductioninefficacyoftheinstantaneoussludgethickeninganddigestionsystemintermofmixedliquidsuspendedsolids（MLSS）andmixedliquidvolatilesuspendedsolids（MLVSS）wasapproximatedat63.7%and80%,respectively,andtheMLVSS/MLSSratiodecreasedfrom80.8%to67.2%.TheMLSSconcentrationreached39g/Lfromaninitialonthedayof7g/L,indicatingagoodthickeningefficacy.InusingFOforsludgedewatering,twomajorfactorswereverified,namely,initialsludgedepthanddrawsolution（DS）concentration.Asludgedepthof3m,whereadrysludgecontentofapproximately35%canbeachievedinapproximately60min,isrecommendedforfutureapplications.Inaddition,thepresentstudyprovedthefeasibilityofusingseawaterreverseosmosisconcentrateastheDS.

Keywords:

Forwardosmosis,Wasteactivatedsludge,Sludgethickening,Sludgedewatering,Aerobicdigestion

1.Introduction

Largequantitiesofexcesshighwatercontentareproducedinwastewatertreatmentplants（WWTPs）everyday.Tominimthecostsofsludgetransportationandhandling,reductioninsludgevolumeandthroughwaterseparationisthemostimportantthatneedstobeaddressedpriortofinaldisposal.Sludgethickeninganddewateringareusuallypracticedforvolumeandreduction.Normally,sludgethickeningisperformedtoreducethesludgevolumeandincreasethesludgesolidcontenttoobtainasuitablyconcentratedsludgeforthesludgedewateringprocesses.Thecom-onlysludgethickeningprocessesincludegravitythickening,dissolvedairflotationthickening,andcentrifugalthickening,amongothers.Althoughthesetraditionalthickeningtechnologiesareready-to-useandeasytoperform,someproblemslimittheirapplication.Forexample,thegravitythickeningprocesshasthedisadvantagesofalargefootprint,low-thickeningefficacy,tendencyofreleasingphosphorusduringlong-termretentiontime（SRT）,andemissionofunpleasantodors（Wangetal.,2008a;Kimetal.,2010）.Ontheotherhand,sludgedigestiontreatmentisastandardpractice,especiallyformediumandlarge-scaleWWTPs,andisusedasastabilizationstepafterthethickeningprocesstoachievesludgestabilization,detoxication,andminimization,amongothers（Wangetal.,2008a）.Asidefromthickeninganddigestion,sludgedewateringisabout70%.However,sludgedewateringcurrentlyremainsthemostexpensiveandmostpoorlyunderstoodwastewatertreatmentprocess（Peietal.,2010,Yuanetal.,2011）.

Tosolvetheproblemsofconventionalsludgethickeningtechnologiesandshortenthesludgetreatmentprocesses（i.e.,tolessenthefootprintandoperationalstrength）,aflatsheetmembranewasdevelopedforsimultaneoussludgethickeninganddigestionprocess（Wangetal.,2008a）.Thissludgereductionsystemisactuallyamembranebioreactor（MBR）,whoseadvantagesincludeasmallfootprint,highpollutantremovalefficiency,andlowcostfortheretreatmentofthethickenedsupernate,amongothers（Judd,2006）.Nevertheless,therelativelyhighenergyrequirement,especiallyfrommembranefoulingduetohighsludgeconcentration,isthemainobstaclefortheapplicationofmembranesludgethickeningprocess（Wangetal.,2008b,2009）.

IncontrasttoconventionalMBR,severalresearchersprovedthataforwardosmoticMBRhasbettermembranefoulingcontrolperformance（Cornelissenetal.,2008;Layetal.,2011;Achillietal.,2009b）.Inforwardosmosis（FO）,suchasinthewell-knownreverseosmosis（RO）,wateristransportedacrossasemipermeablemembrane,whichisimpermeabletosaltandisdrivenbythedifferencebetweentheosmoticpressuresacrossthemembrane（Cathetal.,2006）.Eventhoughosmosishasbeenrecognizedandutilizedfordecades,FOremainsauniqueandemergingtechnology（Chungetal.,2010）.Forthelastcoupleofyears,increasingeffortsonFOhavebeenexertedduetotheavailabilityofmoreefficientFOmembranes（Cornelissenetal.,2008）.Present-dayFOapplicationsextendfromwatertreatmentandfoodprocessingtopowergenerationandnovelmethodsofcontrollingdrugrelease（Wallaceetal.,2008;Garcia-Castell