西餐礼仪.docx
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西餐礼仪.docx
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西餐礼仪
Tablemanners
Whenwehaveanimportantbusinessdinnerorromanticdateatexpensiverestaurant,itisnecessarytoknowsomeknowledgeoftableetiquette.Anyonearmedwithsomecoreknowledgewillbeabletohandleformalevent,makegoodimpressiononothersandshowyouinternationalqualifications.
Whattablemannersyouknow,whocantellus?
Itdoesn’tmatterifyoudon’tknowmuchaboutthat.Todaywe’regoingtolearnmoreabouttablemanners.
1.Firstofall,weshouldknowhowtolayatable.
Usually,thereisanapkin,mainplate,breadplate,dessertutensils(spoonfork)2spoons,2pairsofknivesandforksand3glasses.
Thispictureshowstheformaltablesetting.
Weshowsomerealtablewaresandwantonepersontoputtheminrightplacesaccordingtodirect,isthereanyvoluntary.
Formrighttoleftdinnernapkin,saladfork,dinnerfork,mainplate,dinnerknife,tablespoon,breadplateandbutterknife.
Inthefront,dessertforkandspoon,threeglasses(waterglasses,champagneglass,wineglass)
2.Ittimetoorder.
Usuallythereare5dishes:
starter,soup,maincourse,dessertanddrinks.
Appetizers:
oftenhavecaviar(鱼子酱),gooseliveterrine(鹅肝酱),smokedsalmon(熏三文鱼),salamisausages(意式沙拉)andsoon.
Soup:
consommé(清汤),creamsoup(浓汤),puree(菜蓉汤),vegetablesoup(蔬菜汤)
Maincourse:
(配菜potatoasperses)
(主菜vealbeefmuttonlamb)
Rare(三成)midium(五成)midiumwell(七成)welldone(全熟)
(调味汁mushroomsauce(蘑菇汁)redwinesauce(红酒汁)peppersauce(胡椒汁)
Dessert:
cakecustaed(吉士蛋)icecreampaddingfruit
Wine:
meatlikebeefmatchredwineandfishmatchchampagneandwhisky
3.Herearesomebasictablemanners.
GeneralBehavior
Alwaysputthenapkinonyourlapfirst.Beforeyouleavethetable,refoldyournapkinandputitbesideyourplate.
Properpostureatthetableisveryimportant.Situpstraight,withyourarmsheldnearyourbody.Bringthefooduptoyourmouth.Youshouldneitherleanonthebackofthechairnorbendforwardtoplacetheelbowsonthetable.
Waituntileveryonehasbeenservedtobegineating.Everyonebeginstoeatatthesametime.
Useyoursilverwarefromtheoutsidemovinginwardtowardthemainplate.(Saladfork,knifeandsoupspoonarefurtherfromthemainplatethanthemaincourseknife,forkandspoon.Dessertutensilsareeitherplacedabovethemainplateorservedwithdessert.)
Theforkisheldinyourlefthandandtheknifeisheldinyourright.Ifyou’reeatingadessert,yourfork(ifyouhaveone)shouldbeheldinthelefthandandthespoonintheright.
Itisnotacceptabletouseyourfingersatthetabletoeatorpushfoodontoyourfork.Youmay,however,eatsomefoodssuchasfruit,sandwiches,hamburgers,crisps,chipsorpizzawithyourfingers.
Dipthespoonintothesoup,movingitawayfromthebody,untilitisabouttwo-thirdsfull,thensiptheliquid(withoutslurping)fromthesideofthespoon.Whenyouhavefinishedeatingsoup,thespoonshouldbeplacedtothesideofthesaucer,notleftinthebowl.
Wheneatingbreadrolls,breakoffapiecebeforebuttering.Useyourknifeonlytobutterthebread,nottocutit.
Chewwithyourmouthclosedquietly,andtrynottoslurpwhileeating,remembernottotalkwithyourmouthfulloffood.Donottalkloudly,andmakenoises.Donotplaywithfoodortableutensils.
WipeyourmouthbeforedrinkingDonotorderalcoholicbeverages.Drinkingtoomuchwhendiningoutisoneofthemostdislikedbehaviors.Donotsmokewhilediningout.
Atthetable,askotherstopassyoudishesthatareoutofyourreach.Goodphrasestoknoware:
“Pleasepassmethe...”or“Couldyouhandmethe...please?
”Itisconsideredrudetoanswerthetelephoneatthetable.Ifyouneedtotakeanurgentcall,excuseyourselfandgooutside.Ifyoumustgotothebathroomsimplyexcuseyourself.
Ifyoumustleavethetableorareresting,yourforkshouldbeateighto’clockandyourknifeatfouro’clock(withthebladeinwards).
Attheendofthemeal,Itisacceptableinmostplacestonotfinishallofthefoodonyourplate.Whenfinishedwithyourmeal,placeyourknifeandforkwithhandlesatthe4o'clockpositionandthetinesoftheforkdowntosignaltotheserveryouaredone.
Ofcourse,themaindifferenceontheChinesedinnertableischopsticksinsteadofknifeandfork,butthat'sonlysuperficial.Besides,indecentrestaurants,youcanalwaysaskforapairofknifeandfork,ifyoufindthechopsticksnothelpfulenough.TherealdifferenceisthatintheWest,youhaveyourownplateoffood,whileinChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeveryoneshares.Ifyouarebeingtreatedtoaformaldinnerandparticularlyifthehostthinksyou'reinthecountryforthefirsttime,hewilldothebesttogiveyouatasteofmanydifferenttypesofdishes.
Themealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeserved(unlessinGuangdongstylerestaurants)tobefollowedbystaplefoodrangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldsaysoingoodtime,formostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.
PerhapsoneofthethingsthatsurprisesaWesternvisitormostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheirguests.Informaldinners,therearealways"public"chopsticksandspoonsforthispurpose,butsomehostsmayusetheirownchopsticks.Thisisasignofgenuinefriendshipandpoliteness.Itisalwayspolitetoeatthefood.Ifyoudonoteatit,justleavethefoodintheplate.PeopleinChinatendtoover-orderfood,fortheywillfinditembarrassingifallthefoodisconsumed.Whenyouhavehadenough,justsayso.Oryouwillalwaysovereat!
ThemaindifferencebetweenChineseandwesterneatinghabitsisthatunliketheWest,whereeveryonehastheirownplateoffood,inChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeverybodyshares.
AndsometimestheChinesehostusetheirchopstickstoputfoodinyourbowlorplate.Thisisasignofpoliteness.Theappropriatethingtodowouldbetoeatthewhatever-it-isandsayhowyummyitis.
Don'tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Instead,laythemonyourdish.Thereasonforthisisthatwhensomebodydies,theshrinetothemcontainsabowlofsandorricewithtwosticksofincensestuckuprightinit.Soifyoustickyourchopsticksinthericebowl,itlookslikethisshrineandisequivalenttowishingdeathuponapersonatthetable!
Makesurethespoutoftheteapotisnotfacinganyone.Itisimpolitetosettheteapotdownwherethespoutisfacingtowardssomebody.Thespoutshouldalwaysbedirectedtowherenobodyissitting,usuallyjustoutwardfromthetable.
Don'ttaponyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Beggarstapontheirbowls,sothisisnotpolite.Also,whenthefoodiscomingtooslowinarestaurant,peoplewilltaptheirbowls.Ifyouareinsomeone'shome,itislikeinsultingthecook.
(Threeglasses:
oneforwhitewine,oneforredwine,andoneforwater.Bigspoonisforthesoup,andthesmalloneisfordessert.)
GivethestudentsanotherpassageaboutChinesetablemanners.Askthestudentstomakeacomparison.
Chinesetablemanners
Westerntablemanners
Chopsticks
Knifeandforks(2pairs)
Oneglass
Threeglasses
Ahotdampclothto
cleanyourfaceandhands
Itisnotthecustomin
westerncountries
Usehandstoeatmeat
onbones
Usetheirfingerswhen
eatingchickenorotherbirds
Waitalittlewhilefor
thesouptocool
Blowtocoolthesoup
Toast
Takeonlyasip
Write“P”(polite)or“I”(impolite)inbrackets.
()1.Usetheknifewithyourrighthand.
()2.Putyournapkinonyourlap.
()3.Starteatingassoonasyourfoodisservedinfrontofyou.
()4.Askforasecondbowlofsoup.
()5.Useyourfingerswheneatingchicken.
()6.Finisheatingeverythingonyourplate.
()7.Talkloudlywhileeating.
()8.Makeotherpeopledrinkmorespiritsthantheycantake.
()9.Youdon’thavetoworryalotaboutthetablemannerswhenyouhavemealswithyourfriendsorfamilymembers.
(六)、展示菜单
Hereisthemeueforyou,sir/madam.这是您的菜单,先生/女士。
Wehaveanexcellentblackpeppersteaktoday
我们今天有上好的黑椒牛排。
MayIsuggestyoutrythekingprawn,thechefrecommendsit.
我能向您推荐厨师特选扒大虾?
Ifyouneedanyhelp,pleasecallme.
如果您在用餐时有什么问题,请告诉我。
(七)、点菜服务
Areyoureadytoordernow?
请问可以为您点菜了吗?
MayItakeyourordernow?
请问可以为您点菜了吗?
Areyoubeinghelped,sir/madam?
请问有服务员为您服务吗?
Whatwouldyouliketostart?
请问先给您上些什么?
Whatwouldyouliketoorder?
请问您想吃些什么?
Yes,sir/madam.Wedohaveaselectionofvegetabledishes.
是的,先生/女士,我们有很好的蔬菜精选。
Howwouldyoulikeyoursteakcooked(done)?
(rare/mediumrare/medium/mediumwell/welldone)
请问您的牛排需要几成熟?
Wouldyoulikeyoureggssunnysideup?
请问您的鸡蛋是单面煎
Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?
请问您是要咖啡或是茶?
WouldyoulikeChineseorEnglishtea?
请问您是要中国绿茶还是英国茶?
Whatkindoffruitwouldyoulike?
请问您是用哪种水果?
Whatsortofappetizerwouldyoulike?
请问您是需要哪种头盆?
Wouldyouliketohavesoupfirst?
请问年年是先用汤吗?
Wouldyoulikesomecakes?
请问您用点甜点吗?
Wouldyoulikeyourcoffeewithorwithoutcream?
请问您的咖啡要不要加奶?
Wouldyoulikesomemore?
请问您还需要点别的吗?
Whatsortofside-dishwouldyoulike?
请问您想配什么吃?
Thechef’sspecialtodayisvegetablewithgreenpeas?
今天厨师长特选是青豆蔬菜。
I’mafraidit’snotonthemeuethisevening.恐怕这道菜今晚售缺。
I’mterriblysorry,sir/madam.Wedon’thaveanynow.
对不起,先生/女士。
这道菜已经卖完了。
Iamafraidwedonothavetimetopreparethedishunfortunately.MayIsuggestsomethingelse?
对不起,恐怕我们没有这个菜,我可以向您推荐别的吗?
(八)、推荐饮料
Wouldyoucareforsomethngtodrinkbeforeyourmeal?
您在用餐前需要用些饮料吗?
Wouldyouliketo
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