元音音素和辅音音素2.docx
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元音音素和辅音音素2.docx
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元音音素和辅音音素2
元音音素和辅音音素:
单元音(12个):
长元音:
[i:
][ɑ:
][ɜ:
][u:
][ɔ:
]
短元音:
[ɪ][e][æ][^][ə][ʊ][ɒ]
双元音(8个):
[aɪ][eɪ][ɪə][əʊ][ʊə][aʊ][eə][ɔɪ]
清辅音(11个):
[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][ts][tʃ][tr][h]
浊辅音(15个):
[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dz][dʒ][dr][l][r][m][n][ŋ]
半元音(2个):
[w][j]
国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
—从音标到字母和字母组合
单元音:
[i:
]:
⑴e:
heshemewe
⑵ea:
teaeatmeat
⑶ee:
seetreesee
⑷ei:
receive
⑸ey:
key
⑹i:
policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine
⑺eo:
people
⑻ie:
piecefieldbelievethief
[ɪ]:
⑴a:
orangecabbage
⑵ay:
Sundayholiday
⑶e:
beginEnglishprettycinema
⑷ey:
monkey
⑸i:
itisinbig
⑹y:
cityverysorry
⑺u:
busy
⑻ui:
buildbuilding
⑼ai:
captain
[e]:
⑴a:
anymanyanyone
⑵ai:
said
⑶ay:
says
⑷e:
penbedyeseggdesk
⑸ea:
breadheadbreakfast
⑹u:
bury
[æ]:
a:
bagamandatsad
[ɑ:
]:
⑴a:
classbananafatherafter
⑵al:
halfpalm
⑶ar:
carfarparkarmstar
⑷au:
auntlaugh
⑸ear:
heart
[^]:
⑴o:
comenoneloveother
⑵oo:
bloodflood
⑶ou:
touchcountryenoughyoung
⑷u:
bussunbutcutupus
[ə:
]:
⑴ear:
learnearthearlyheard
⑵er:
herterm
⑶ir:
firstgirlbirdskirtsirthird
⑷or:
workwordworld
⑸ur:
nurseturnhurtThursday
⑹yr:
myrtle
⑺our:
journalistjournal
[ə]:
⑴a:
alongaboutbananaCananaChina
⑵e:
studentopenchildrendifferent
⑶i:
holidayApril
⑷o:
todaywelcomepolice
⑸u:
minusautumn
⑹er:
fathermotherbrothersister
⑺or:
doctorforgetmirror
⑻ar:
sugar
⑼re:
metretiredfire
⑽ou:
deliciousprevious
⑾ur:
surpriseSaturday
⑿our:
colour
⒀ure:
picturepleasure
⒁oar:
cupboard
⒂yr:
martyrsatyr
[u:
]:
⑴ew:
flewgrewreviewJew
⑵o:
dotowho
⑶oo:
toozoofoodpoolbootschool
⑷ou:
soupgroupthrough
⑸u:
blueglueJune
⑹ui:
fruitjuice
⑺oe:
shoe
[u]:
⑴o:
womanwolf
⑵oo:
booklookgoodfoot
⑶oul:
couldwouldshould
⑷u:
putsugarfullpush
[ɔ]:
⑴([w])a:
wantwashwatchwhat
⑵o:
hotonnotsorry
⑶ou:
cough
⑷au:
Australia
[ɔ:
]:
⑴(w)a:
water
⑵al:
allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall
⑶([w])ar:
warmquarter
⑷au:
Augustautumndaughter
⑸aw:
drawsawlaw
⑹oor:
doorfloor
⑺ore:
morebefore
⑻or:
orforshortsport
⑼ou:
boughtbroughtthought
⑽our:
fouryour
⑾awe:
aweawedaweless
⑿oar:
boardblackboardcardboard
⒀o:
story
双元音:
[aɪ]:
⑴i:
timelikenicefinefive
⑵y:
mybywhy
⑶i(g):
signhighlightright
⑷ie:
dielietie
[eɪ]:
⑴a:
namecakegameface
⑵ai:
raintrainwait
⑶ay:
daymayokayplaytoday
⑷ei:
veilvein
⑸ei(gh):
eighteighteeneighty
⑹ey:
they
⑺ea:
greatbreak
[ɪə]:
⑴e:
zerocerealserious
⑵ea:
realreallyideacereal
⑶ere:
here
⑷ear:
eardearhearnearclear
⑸eer:
beerdeerpioneer
[əʊ]:
⑴o:
gononosehome
⑵ow:
showknowyellowwindow
⑶oa:
goatboat
⑷ou:
shoulderthough
⑸oe:
woe
[ʊə]:
⑴ure:
sure
⑵oor:
poor
⑶our:
tour
[aʊ]:
⑴ou:
outabouthouseblouse
⑵ow:
hownowcow
[eə]:
⑴air:
airhairchair
⑵are:
carehareparent
⑶ear:
pearwearbear
⑷ere:
therewhere
⑸eir:
theirtheirs
⑹a:
Mary
[ɔɪ]:
⑴oi:
oiltoiletboilsoil
⑵oy:
boytoyemployee
辅音:
清辅成对辅音:
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [ʃ]-[ʒ] [ts]-[dz] [tʃ]-[dʒ] [tr]-[dr]
清音浊化:
清辅音[p][t][k][tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音,即发其浊辅音[b][d][g][dr],但音标仍写成清辅音。
如:
sport[spɔ:
t],student[‘stju:
dənt],sky[skaɪ],street[stri:
t]。
但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读清辅音,不读相对的浊辅音。
如:
hostess[‘hʊəstɪs]。
[p]:
⑴p:
penmaphelpcheappencilpaper
⑵pp:
applehappyappear
[b]:
⑴b:
bagbybedboybusblue
⑵bb:
rabbitcabbage
[t]:
⑴t:
tentimenotgettable
⑵tt:
bottlebottomlittlepretty
⑶ed:
watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced
[d]:
⑴d:
deskdoordaydog
⑵dd:
adddaddymiddle
⑶ed:
playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried
[k]:
⑴c:
catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc
⑵cc:
occasionaccordingoccupyacclaim
⑶ch:
schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomach
⑷k:
bookbikecakekiteKatelook
⑸ck:
blackduckclockjacketcock
⑹q:
Iraqcoq
⑺que:
uniquetechnique
[g]:
⑴g:
gogirlbigget
⑵gg:
eggbiggerbiggest
⑶gu:
guess
⑷gue:
dialogue
⑸gh:
ghyllghost
[f]:
⑴f:
fivefishfinefamilyfifteen
⑵ph:
photophoneelephantphotograph
⑶gh:
laughenough
⑷ff:
offcoffee
[v]:
⑴v:
veryfivehave
⑵f:
of
[s]:
⑴c:
nicecitycycle
⑵s:
sitsixsomebususeusdeskbooks
⑶ss:
missclassglassgrass
⑷sc:
sciencescene
⑸ps:
psalmpsywar
[z]:
⑴s:
ishispleasemusiclosehusbandapples
⑵es:
leavesthieveskniveswives
⑶z:
zoozero
⑷zz:
buzz
[θ]:
th:
threethankmonththin
[ð]:
⑴th:
thisthewiththan
⑵the:
breathesoythe
[ʃ]:
⑴sh:
sheshoeshortshopwash
⑵s:
sureAsia
⑶c:
specialsufficientdelicious
⑷t:
stationnationalpatient
⑸ss:
Russiaprofession
⑹ch:
machine
[ʒ]:
⑴s:
usuallytelevisionpleasure
⑵z:
seizure
⑶ge:
garage
[ts]:
⑴ts:
shirtshurtscoatscostsgoats
⑵t’s:
Let’s
⑶tes:
kitesgatesdates
⑷zz:
pizza
[dz]:
⑴ds:
bedsbirdshandsfriends
⑵des:
decides
[tʃ]:
⑴ch:
chairmuchlunchChina
⑵tch:
watch
⑶t:
picturequestion
[dʒ]:
⑴g(e):
agepagehugeorange
⑵g:
gentlegentlemangeneral
⑶dge:
bridgeporridgejudge
⑷j:
jumpjacketjustJuneJim
⑸ch:
sandwich
[tr]:
tr:
treetriptrytruetruth
[dr]:
dr:
dressdrivehundredchildren
单个辅音:
[h]:
⑴h:
heherhavehandheadhair
⑵(w)h:
whowhomwhose
[l]:
⑴l:
letlookpleaselakepeople
⑵ll:
tellfulltillbell
⑶(t)l(e):
whistle
[r]:
⑴r:
redrightthree
⑵rr:
sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot
⑶(w)r:
writewrong
[m]:
⑴m:
manmeatmeettime
⑵mm:
commoncommunicate
⑶m(b):
climblamb
⑷m(n):
autumn
[n]:
⑴n:
nameniceninenearunder
⑵(k)n:
knowknife
⑶nn:
Ann
⑷(m)n:
mnemonics
[ŋ]:
⑴ng:
singlongyoungmorning
⑵n(k):
thankthinkinkpink
⑶n(g):
English
[w]:
⑴w:
wewindowworkwalk
⑵w(h):
whatwhywherewhite
[j]:
⑴y:
yesyouyearyellow
⑵j:
Jensenjahallelujahjaap
⑶i:
onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviour
⑷e:
Europe
国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
—从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[eɪ]:
namecakegameface a在重读闭音节中读[æ]:
bagamandatsad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:
]:
classfastgraspaskfatherafterdancegraph
a在[w]后读[ɔ]或[ɔ:
]:
wantwhatwater[wɔ:
tə]
a在ny前读[e]:
anymany
a弱读时读[ə]:
alongaboutbananaCananaChina
a在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:
orangecabbage
a读[eə]:
Mary
ai读[eɪ]:
raintrainwait
ai读[ɪ]:
captain
ai读[e]:
said
ay读[eɪ]:
daymayokayplaytoday
ay弱读读[ɪ]:
Sundayholiday
ay读[e]:
says
air读[eə]:
airhairchair
al在多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:
](f,m除外):
allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall
al还读[ɔ:
l](特别当后面不是k,f,m时):
alsosalt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:
]:
halfpalm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:
]:
:
carfarparkarmstar
ar在[w]后读[ɔ:
]:
warmquarter
ar弱读读[ə]:
sugar
are读[eə]:
carehareparent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:
s]:
classglassgrasspass
au在重读音节中读[ɔ:
]:
Augustautumndaughter
au读[ɔ]:
Australia
au还读作[ɑ:
]:
auntlaugh
aw在重读音节中读[ɔ:
]:
drawsawlaw
awe读[ɔ:
]:
aweawedaweless
Ⅱ.元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:
]:
heshemewe
e在重读闭音节中读[e]:
penbedyeseggdesk
e在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:
beginEnglishprettycinema
e弱读读[ə]:
studentopenchildrendifferent
e读[ɪə]:
zerocerealserious
e读[j]:
Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:
]:
teaeatmeat
ea读[e]:
breadheadbreakfast
ea读[eɪ]:
greatbreak
ea读[ɪə]:
realreallyideacereal
ear读[ɜ:
]:
learnearthearlyheard
ear读[eə]:
pearwearbear
ear读[ɪə]:
eardearhearnearclear
ear读[ɑ:
]:
heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]([t]除外):
watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):
playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried
ed在[t][d]后读[ɪd]:
wantedneeded
ee在重读音节中读[i:
]:
seetreesee
eer读[ɪə]:
beerdeerpioneer
ei读[i:
]:
receive
ei读[eɪ]:
veilvein
ei在gh前读[eɪ]:
eighteighteeneighty
eir读[eə]:
theirtheirs
eo读[i:
]:
people
er在重读闭音节中读[ɜ:
]:
herterm
er在非重读音节中读[ə]:
fathermotherbrothersister
ere读[ɪə]:
here
ere读[eə]:
therewhere
es在浊辅音([ʃ][ʒ][dʒ]除外)及元音后,es发[z]:
leavesthieveskniveswives
potatoestomatoesheroesNegroesgoesdoesfamiliesstories
es在[s][z][ʃ][ʒ][tʃ][dʒ]后读[ɪz]:
busesblousesdishesgarageswatches
oranges
ew读[ju:
]:
newnewspaperreview
ew在l,r,j后读[u:
]:
flewgrewJew
ex读[eks]:
exerciseexit
ex读[ɪks]:
excleexpensiveextinct
ex读[ɪgz]:
examexaminationexactly
ey读[i:
]:
key
ey读[ɪ]:
monkeyvalley
ey读[eɪ]:
they
Ⅲ.元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[aɪ]:
timelikerice
i在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]:
bigsixsit
i读[i:
]:
policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine
i弱读读[ə]:
holidayApril
i在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:
taxi
i读[j]:
onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviour
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[aɪ]:
dialoguequietpioneer
i在g前读[aɪ]:
signhighlightright
i在nd前读[aɪ]:
findbehind
i在ld前读[aɪ]:
child
i在re前读[aɪ]:
firetiredretire ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:
]:
piecefieldbelievethief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[aɪ]:
liedie
ir在重读音节中读[ɜ:
]:
birdgirlfirst
Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[əʊ]:
gononosehome
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[əʊ]:
postold
o在重读闭音节中读[ɒ]:
hotonnotsorry
o读[ɔ:
]:
story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]:
comenoneloveother
o读[u:
]:
dotowho
o在w后读[ʊ]:
womanwolf
o在非重读音节中读[ə]:
todaypoliceman
oa在重读音节中读[əʊ]:
boatcoat
oar读[ɔ:
]:
boardblackboardcardboard
oar读[ə]:
cupboard
oe读[əʊ]:
woe
oe读[u:
]:
shoe
oi读[ɔɪ]:
oiltoiletboilsoil
oo一般读[u:
]:
toozoofoodpoolbootschool
oo在d,k和少数t前读[ʊ]:
booklookgoodfoot
oo读[^]:
bloodflood
oor读[ɔ:
]:
doorfloor
oor读[ʊə]:
poor
or在重读音节中读[ɔ:
]:
orforshortsport
or在[w]后读[ɜ:
]:
workwordworld
or读[ə]:
doctorforgetmirror
ore读[ɔ:
]:
morebefore
ou在多数情况下读[aʊ]:
outabouthouseblouse
ou在ght前读[ɔ:
]:
boughtbroughtthought
ou读[^]:
touchcountryenoughyoung
ou读[u:
]:
soupgroupthrough
ou读[əʊ]:
shoulderthough
ou读[ɒ]:
cough
ou读[ə]:
deliciousprevious
oul读[ʊ]:
couldwouldshould
our读[ɔ:
]:
fouryour
our读[ɜ:
]:
journalistjournal
our读[ə]:
colour
our读[ʊə]:
tour
our读[aʊə]:
ourhour
ow读[aʊ]:
hownowcow
ow读[əʊ]:
showknowyellowwindow
owe或ower读[aʊə]:
towelflower
oy读[ɔɪ]:
boytoyemployee
Ⅴ.元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:
]:
studentTuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[^]:
bussunbutcutupus
u处于开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:
]:
JunefluencyFebruarySue
u在重读闭音节中还读[ʊ]:
putsugarfullpush
u在非重读音节中读[ə]:
minusautumn
u读[ɪ]:
busyminute
u读[e]:
bury
ui读[ju:
]或[jʊɪ,ju:
ɪ]:
suitsuicide
l,r,j+ui时,ui读作[u:
]或[ʊɪ,u:
ɪ]:
sluisefruitjuicefluidruin
ui读[ɪ]:
buildbuilding
ur在重读音节中读[ɜ:
]:
nurseturnhurtThursday
ur读[ə]:
surprise
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- 关 键 词:
- 元音 音素 辅音