考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版
2019年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一)
及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can`tfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.
Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:
Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?
Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?
Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.
Ifyou`veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe
11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.
Another12:
Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindenseforest,youshouldableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.
18,assumingyou`relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.
1.[A]Some
[B]Most
[C]Few
[D]All
2.[A]put
[B]take
[C]run
[D]come
3.[A]Since
[B]If
[C]Though
[D]Until
4.[A]formally
[B]relatively
[C]gradually
[D]literally
5.[A]back
[B]next
[C]around
[D]away
6.[A]onto
[B]off
[C]across
[D]alone
7.[A]unattractive
[B]uncrowded
[C]unchanged
[D]unfamiliar
8.[A]site
[B]point
[C]way
[D]place
9.[A]So
[B]Yet
[C]Instead
[D]Besides
10.[A]immediately
[B]intentionally
[C]unexpectedly
[D]eventually
11.[A]surprised
[B]annoyed
[C]frightened
[D]confused
12.[A]problem
[B]option
[C]view
[D]result
13.[A]Aboveall
[B]Incontrast
[C]Onaverage
[D]Forexample
14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate
15.[A]from
[B]through
[C]beyond
[D]under
16.[A]posts
[B]links
[C]shades
[D]breaks
17.[A]artificial
[B]mysterious
[C]hidden
[D]limited
18.[A]Finally
[B]Consequently
[C]Incidentally
[D]Generally
19.[A]memories
[B]marks
[C]notes
[D]belongings
20.[A]restrict
[B]adopt
[C]lead
[D]expose
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:
morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.
“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.
TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”
Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.
IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short
-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.
Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.
Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe
A.enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility
B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits
C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation
D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives
22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate
A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits
B.governments’impatienceindecision-making
C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies
D.“short-termism”ineconomicactivities
23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe
A.indirect
B.adverse
C.minimal
D.temporary
24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate
A.theobstaclestopreventing“short-termism”.
B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.
C.theapproachestopromoting“long-termism”.
D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism
B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue
C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives
D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers
Text2
Gradeinflation—thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled"gradeforgiveness"—ishelpingraiseGPAs.
Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent’soverallGPA.
Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)andimprovetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.
Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.“Untimely,”saidJackMiner,OhioStateUniversity’sregistrar,“weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.”
Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges’ownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents—who,attheendoftheday,arepayingthebill—feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.
Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students’andcolleges'incentivesseemtobealigned.
26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?
A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.
B.Students'indifferencetoGPAS.
C.Colleges'neglectofGPAS.
D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.
27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?
A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.
B.Tomaintaincolleges'graduationrates.
C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.
D.Toincreaseuniversities'incomefromtuition.
28.AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablescollegesto
A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.
B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.
C.improvetheirteachingquality.
D.meetlocalgovernments'needs.
29.Whatdoesthephrase"tobealigned"(Line5,Para.6)mostprobablymean?
A.Tocounterbalanceeachother.
Text3
ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheel
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