备战浙江新中考英语话题集训13话题十三 通讯科普知识和现代技术.docx
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备战浙江新中考英语话题集训13话题十三 通讯科普知识和现代技术.docx
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备战浙江新中考英语话题集训13话题十三通讯科普知识和现代技术
话题十三 通讯、科普知识与现代技术
一、完形填空
Asweallknow,theinventionsplayanimportantpartinourlife.Itisinventorsthathelpuschangeourlife.TheTVhelpsusknowtheoutside1.Thecellphonemakesuskeepintouchwithourfriends.Thewebmakesourlifemore2.
Theinventionofworldwideweb(互联网)changedthewaywecommunicateandlearn,evenshop.Itwas3bySirTimBernersLeefromtheUnitedKingdom.Atthattime,theInternetwasmainlyusedbya4numberofscientistsandcomputerexperts.Itwasimpossible5commonpeopletoshareinformationontheInternet.BernersLeewantedto6it.
Hedevelopeda(n)7waytocreatewebpages.Healso8waystorecognize(辨认)andlink(连接)thosepagestogether.His9wastomakeitpossibleforanyonetopost(发布)informationandshareitanywhere.Theinformationagehadcome!
Inthe1990s,thewebdevelopedintoaninternationalneighborhoodwheretheInternetuserscould10shareinformationinmanyforms—photo,voice,videoandsoon.11emailappeared,thenormalwaysthatpeoplestayedintouchwitheachotherwerebyphoneorbywritingletters.Nowpeoplehavemoreavailablewaysto12witheachother.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetosetuptheirownblogs(博客)totellothersmoreabout13.Nowthewebisaplace14peoplecanshareinformation.Students15alsogoonlinetolookuptheinformationthattheycan'tlearnfromthetextbooks.Howusefultheinventionis!
Ithasreallychangedourlife.
()1.A.roomB.houseC.countryD.world
()2.A.dangerousB.beautifulC.importantD.convenient
()3.A.madeB.askedC.inventedD.found
()4.A.greatB.smallC.largeD.tidy
()5.A.inB.ofC.forD.with
()6.A.chooseB.changeC.followD.form
()7.A.simpleB.famousC.oldD.young
()8.A.putupB.giveupC.setupD.lockup
()9.A.reasonB.goalC.planD.result
()10.A.hardlyB.usuallyC.easilyD.difficultly
()11.A.BeforeB.AfterC.WhileD.Because
()12.A.learnB.fightC.communicateD.share
()13.A.myselfB.yourselfC.themselvesD.himself
()14.A.whereB.whyC.howD.that
()15.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need
二、阅读理解
A(2019·宁波)
Bigdata(数据)isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companies,andgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople'snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer.
Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsothosestudentscansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.
Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredictifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheorshedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.
Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings?
Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstanditarewrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkacertainway.Becausetheythinkacertainway,theybuildamodelofthoseideas.Theseideasarethenusedtolookatthedata.Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes,badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.
()1.Thisreadingisabout.
A.whatbigdataisandhowitisused
B.whatschoolsandhospitalspeoplelike
C.whereimportantdataiscollectedandstored
D.howbigdataiscontrolledbygovernmentsandcompanies
()2.Onecompanyusesweatherinformationto.
A.helpchildreninneed
B.knowwhenpeoplewillvisitthehospital
C.findoutwhoridesthebusortrain
D.understandwhenpeoplewillneedicecream
()3.ThemainideaofParagraph3is.
A.bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons
B.wecanusebigdatainanumberofways
C.bigdatacanbeusedforbothgoodandbadreasons
D.wecanusebigdatatopreventbabiesfromgettingsick
()4.Theoveralltone(总基调)ofthisreadingis.
A.sadandpersonal
B.personalandscientific
C.informativebutsilly
D.scientificandinformative
B(2019·温州龙湾区一模)
Whenitcomestomoderncommunication,securityisabigproblem.Itseemslikewe'reforeverhearingabouthackers(黑客)leakingemails,passwordsandotherimportantpersonalinformation.
ButthankstoabreakthroughbyChinesescientists,whowonthe2018NewcombClevelandPrizeinFebruary,wemaysoonneverhavetoworryaboutourdataagain.
Thisisthankstothesatellite(卫星;人造卫星)calledMiciusthatuseslatesttechnologytosendandreceiveinformation.SowhatexactlymakestheinformationsenttoandfromMiciussosecure?
Miciusisthefirstsatellitetousequantumkeydistribution(量子密钥分配).Thistechnologyusesparticles(微粒;粒子)thatsendlighttocommunicateinformationfromonepointtoanother.Nowadays,itcancommunicatewithtwobasestations.BothofthemarelocatedhighupinthemountainsintwodifferentareasofTibet,around1,200kilometersapart.Dataissentbetweenthesatelliteandoneofthebasestationsintheformofarayoflight.Thismakesitalmostimpossiblefordatasentandreceivedusingquantumsatellitetechnologytobestolenbecausetheconnectionwillbebrokenifsomeonetriestohackit.“Anyeavesdropper(偷听者)onthequantumchannelcanbefoundbythecommunicatingusers,”thescientistswroteinthepaper.
However,thetechnologydoeshaveafewlimitations.Forexample,theprocessonlyworksatnight,astheinformationisn'tabletopassthroughsunlight.Andthere'snowonlya10minutewindoweachdayduringwhichMiciuscancommunicatewitheachofthebasestations,accordingtoXinhua.Thisisbecausethesatelliteandbasestationneedtobecloseenoughtoeachotherfortheinformationtosuccessfullymakeittoandfromouterspace.
Thoughtherearesmallproblems,thescientificcommunityacrosstheworldhasreactedpositivelytoChina'sachievementsinthisgroundbreakingproject.“ThisChineseexperimentisquiteawonderfultechnologicalachievement,”ArturEkert,aprofessorofquantumphysicsattheUniversityofOxford,toldBBCNews.
()5.Inmoderncommunication,whatisabigproblemaccordingtothepassage?
A.There'slessInternetspacethanbefore.
B.Hackersmakeusnotcommunicatefreely.
C.Personalinformationcanbeeasilyletout.
D.It'shardtorememberpersonalinformation.
()6.Howcanthebigproblemofmoderncommunicationbeworkedout?
A.ScientistsuseanewtechnologytobuildtwobasestationsinTibet.
B.Miciususesquantumkeydistributiontosendandreceiveinformation.
C.QuantumkeydistributionmakesMiciusandbasestationscloseenough.
D.Usershavelearntanewtechnologytofindthehackerswhentheyappear.
()7.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?
A.Thetechnologycan'tbeusedinouterspace.
B.Thetechnologycoststoomuch.
C.Thetechnologyworksforashorttimeeachday.
D.Thetechnologyneedsalotofsunlight.
()8.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Datasecuritystillhasalongwaytogo.
B.Anewtechnologymeetsproblems.
C.Communicationsecurityisabigproblem.
D.Datasecuritywelcomesanewage.
三、词汇运用
Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike?
Thereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheir1(意见;看法)ofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.
Whenwedreamaboutthefuture,manyliketothinkof2(拥有)apersonalflyingcar.Theadvantagesareobvious.Thistechnologywouldallowtotalfreedomofmovement.Wecouldflyat480kmperhour,avoidingtrafficlightsandbusyroads.However,somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtraffic3(控制).Ifthecarsbecomepopular,thereislikelytobeairtrafficjam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailure.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking?
Theseareproblemswemust4(预料)ifflyingcarsbecomeareality.
Threedimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywith5(使人兴奋的)possibilities.3Dprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplastic.Theybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplete.Carcompanies6(已经)use3Dprinterstomakelifesizemodelsofcarparts,andmedicalcompaniesusethetechnologytomakemanmadebodyparts.Aswemoveintothefuture,3Dprintingwillrevolutionizethewaywe7(购物),thewaywemanufactureandthewaywetreatsickpeople.Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbevery8(昂贵的).
Sointhefuture,wemightbeabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecan9(无疑;肯定)dreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierand10(更安全的)formillionsofpeople.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
四、语法填空
Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoo1(danger),boring,difficult,ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.
Butwhat2(exact)isarobot?
Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoam
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