学年江苏省如皋市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx
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学年江苏省如皋市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx
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学年江苏省如皋市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版
江苏省如皋市2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试
英语试题
一、阅读
A
Ifyouliveinaplacewheremostpeoplespeakthelanguageyouarelearning,youmayusethelanguageforseveralhourseachday.Soitmaybecomepartofyour“innerspeech.”Inotherwords,youstartthinkinginthatlanguage.Yourmindstopstryingtotranslatethingsfromyournativelanguageintothesecondlanguage.ButmostoftheEnglishlearnersliveinplaceswhereEnglishisnotthemainlanguage.Thismaybetrueforyou.YoumaynothavemanychancestopracticeEnglish.Youmayevenbeself-taught.
ThinkinginEnglishreallyhelps!
Itisnotverydifficult,butitdoesneedpractice.Herewewillsharesomementalexercises.Agoodfirststepistothinkinwords.Lookaroundyou.Whatdoyousee?
Inyourhead,trytonameeachobjectinyoursurroundings.CharlesThomashastaughtEnglishforover10years.Hetellshisstudentstonamethethingsthattheyseearoundthem,wherevertheyare.
AnotherexerciseThomassuggestisdescribinginyourmindobjectsyoudon’tknowthewordsfor.Anexamplewouldbeifyoucouldn’tthinkoftheword“garage”.Thomassays,“Ifyou’relookingatyourhouseandyouseeyourgarage,butyoucan’tthinkofthenameinEnglish.Youcansay,‘TheplaceinsidewhereIputmycar’oryoucansay,‘It’snexttomyhouse.Ikeepthingsthere.’”
Thenextexerciseisthinkinginsimplesentences.Forexample,ifyouaresittinginapark,youcantellyourselfthingslike,“It’ssuchabeautifulday”and“Peopleareplayingsportswiththeirfriends.”Youcanalsodescribeyourdailyactivities.Thomasaskshisstudentstodescribetheirdayusingthesimplepresentverbform.So,theywouldthinktothemselvesthingslike,“Iputonmyshirt”and“Hedrivesthebus.”
Howmuchtimeshouldyouspendontheseexercises?
Thomassaysyoudoalittleeveryday.“Whenyoumakethingsahabit,thenitjustpopsupintoyourmindwithoutthinkingandthen,beforeyouknowit,really,you’rethinkinginEnglish.”
1.Whenasecondlanguagebecomespartofyour“innerspeech”,________.
A.mostpeoplearoundyouspeakthelanguage
B.youstartthinkinginthelanguage
C.youtranslatethingsfromyournativelanguageintoit
D.youlearnthelanguagebyyourself
2.“TheplaceinsidewhereIputmycar”isanexamplefor________
A.namingobjectsinyoursurroundings
B.thinkinginsimplesentences
C.describingobjectsyoudon’tknowthewordsfor
D.describingyourdailyactivities
3.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Spendyourtimeonexercises
B.Teachyourselfasecondlanguage
C.TrainyourbraintothinkinEnglish
D.PracticeEnglishwhereveryouare
答案1.B2.C3.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了在语言环境中学习语言的重要性,并给出了具体的学习方法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第一段中“Soitmaybecomepartofyour“innerspeech.”Inotherwords,youstartthinkinginthatlanguage.”可知,当第二种语言成为你“内在语言”的一部分时,你就会开始用这种语言思考。
故选B项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第三段中“AnotherexerciseThomassuggestisdescribinginyourmindobjectsyoudon’tknowthewordsfor.”可知,此句是总述句,因此“TheplaceinsidewhereIputmycar”“我停车的地方”是用来支撑总述句“托马斯建议描述你的头脑中一些你不知道的东西”的例子。
故选C项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。
通过阅读全文可知,在一个大多数人都说你正在学习的语言的地方,你可以每天使用这种语言几个小时,然而大多数人不具备这样的条件,全文为这类人提供了具体的学习方法,目的要达到用这种语言进行思考。
所以C项TrainyourbraintothinkinEnglish“训练你的大脑用英语思考”作为文章的标题最能概括出全文主旨。
故选C项。
B
RobotshavetakenovermanyofAmerica’sfactories.Butcantheypickastrawberry?
“It’sreallyhardforrobotstomatchwhathumanscando,”saysBobPizter,anexpertonrobots.
Any4-year-oldkidcanpickastrawberry,butmachinescan’tseemtofigureitout.Piztersaysthehardestthingforthemisfindingthefruit.Pizter’sstrawberry-pickingrobotisrollingintoastrawberryfield.Thiswell-designeddevicedrivesitself.It’sasbigasabus,longenoughtostraddle(跨越)adozenrowsofstrawberriesatonce.Powerfulcomputersaresittingontop.Underneath,therearehigh-definitioncamerastofindtheberries,androboticclawsreadytopickthem.
“Nobody’stellingitwhattodo,”explainsPaulBissett,thechiefoperatingofficerofHarvestCROORobotics.“It’srememberingitspathdowntherow.It’srememberingwherealltheseplantsare.”Itknowsallthis,thankstothesuper-accurateGPS.Itscomputerbraincontainsamapshowingthelocationsofeverystrawberryplantinthefield.Theactionofmachineryistrulyimpressive,butthebasketsarestillpracticallyempty.Pitzersaystherobotsareabletofindandpickmorethan50percentofripeberries.That’snotyetuptohumanstandards.Atypicalworker,hesays,managestopickanywherefrom60to90percentoftheberries.Also,headmits,themachineisslowerthanhumanhands.Ontheotherhand,ithassomeadvantages.Itcanworkrightthroughthenight.Twoyearslater,hesays,thismachinewillbeinthefieldsworkingforreal.“Thereareweaknessestoworkout,butit’sgettingthere.We’reclose.”hesays.
Strawberrycompaniesareputtingmillionsofdollarsintothisproject.Thereason,GaryWishnatzki,theownerofWishFarmssays,isthatit’sgettingmoreandmoredifficulttofindenoughpeopletopickhisberries.“Thefactofthematteris,ifwedon’tsolvetheproblemofthislaborshortagewithautomation,theindustryisfacingabigchallengeahead.Thepriceoffruitisgoingtobemuchhigher,”JoseSantos,theleaderofthefarm,says.
Joseisprettyconvinced,though,thatpickingstrawberrieswillalwaysrequirepeople.Themachineswillbreakdown,hepointsout.Infact,he’slookingonthebrightside.“Youcouldaffordtogivepeopleadayoffifyouhavemachinesbehindyou,”hesays.
4.Accordingtothepassage,thestrawberry-pickingrobot__________.
A.canworkextrahoursB.reliesonGPSonlytofindberries
C.runsonpetroljustlikeabusD.picksbothripeandunripeberries
5.Whatdopeoplementionedinthepassagethinkofthestrawberry-pickingrobot?
A.Itwillleadtothepriceofstrawberriesrising.
B.Itkeepshumanworkersworkingthroughnight.
C.Itisnotveryefficientatthemomentbutpromising.
D.Itwillcompletelytaketheplaceofhumanworkers.
6.Weknowfromthearticlethat__________.
A.robotshavebeenwidelyusedinfarming
B.itseemshardforrobotstoexactlylocatestrawberriesnow
C.robotscansurelyperformanyworkbetterthanhumanworkers
D.withthehelpofrobots,strawberrycompanieshavealreadyearnedmuch
7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theworkingprincipleofstrawberry-pickingrobots.
B.Farmers’expectationsforstrawberry-pickingrobots.
C.Thepresentstateofstrawberry-pickingrobots.
D.Thedifferencesbetweenhumansandstrawberry-pickingrobots.
答案4.A5.C6.B7.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了摘草莓机器人的目前的优点和缺点:
效率不高,但可以长时间工作,其缺点也可以改进。
未来需求大,前景广阔。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Itcanworkrightthroughthenight.”可知,机器人可以整夜工作。
A(它可以加班)表达此意。
故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“Pitzersaystherobotsareabletofindandpickmorethan50percentofripeberries.That’snotyetuptohumanstandards.Atypicalworker,hesays,managestopickanywherefrom60to90percentoftheberries.Also,headmits,themachineisslowerthanhumanhands.”可知,摘草莓的机器人比人手慢,没有达到人类采摘草莓的标准。
由此可以推知,它效率不高。
根据第三段中的“Ontheotherhand,ithassomeadvantages.Itcanworkrightthroughthenight.Twoyearslater,hesays,thismachinewillbeinthefieldsworkingforreal.“Thereareweaknessestoworkout,butit’sgettingthere.We’reclose.”hesays.”可知,这种机器人有弱点需要克服,但这些弱点很快就会被克服。
这种机器人非常有前景。
两年之后,就会被投入使用。
我们离此目标不远了。
由此推知,综上,C(它目前不是很有效,但很有前途)表达此意。
故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“It’srememberingitspathdowntherow.It’srememberingwherealltheseplantsare.”Itknowsallthis,thankstothesuper-accurateGPS.Itscomputerbraincontainsamapshowingthelocationsofeverystrawberryplantinthefield.Theactionofmachineryistrulyimpressive,butthebasketsarestillpracticallyempty.Pitzersaystherobotsareabletofindandpickmorethan50percentofripeberries.That’snotyetuptohumanstandards.”可知,由于超级精确的GPS,机器人知道所有草莓的位置。
机器的作用确实令人印象深刻,但篮子实际上仍然是空的。
Pitzer说,机器人能够发现和采摘超过50%的成熟浆果。
这还没有达到人类的标准。
由此推知,虽然机器人配备有精确的GPS,但实际上,它们并不能精确地定位草莓的位置,从而导致采摘率不高。
故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。
第一段直接了当的提出:
机器人真的很难达到人类采摘草莓的水平。
第二段和第三段主要介绍了草莓采摘机器人的特点和优缺点(效率不高,但可以长时间工作)。
最后两段对草莓采摘机器人前景的展望(未来需求大,前景广阔)。
结合选项,C(草莓采摘机器人的现状)最能概括主题。
故选C。
C
Rumors(谣言):
we’veallheardsomeandwe’veallspreadsome.Inmoretraditionaltimestheyshookentirefamilies.Today,theytraveldifferentlybecausethewayweshareinformationhasalsochanged.
Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.Wedon’tenjoybeingonthereceivingendofone,sincetheyusuallydon’thavegoodintentions.Theyaresomewhatveiled(掩饰的)messages.
Normallyrumorsareoralmessages:
wordofmouth.Theparadox(自相矛盾)isthatthereisnoevidencetosupportrumors,butthemorepeopleshareit,themoretheyseeitastrue.Tofinishexplainingrumors,wethinkthattheyfollowcertainveryclearlaws.Secrecy:
Thesourceisunknown.Thereisalsoaprovenphenomenonthathumanbeingsusuallyforgetthesourceofamessagebeforetheyforgetitscontent.Certainty:
Wehardlyquestionrumorssimplybecauseofthementaleffortinvolved.Ontheotherhand,noonelikestodoubtapersonwhoconvincesusthattheinformationtheyspreadistrue.Change:
Itactslikeatree.Newrumorsbranchouttofillinthegapsleftbythefirstrumor.
Anotherproperty(属性)ofrumorsisthattheytendtobecomeviral.Eachreceiverisatthesametimeapotentialtransmitter(传输者)oftheinformation.Thereceiveroftenaddstheirownopinion.Theirmannerandtoneoftransmittingitalsochangesit.
Howcanweendrumors?
Theanswerisassimpleasitisimpossible:
preventingpeoplefromcommunicating.Amorerealisticresponseisequallydifficult,alt
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