大学英语精读二册handout 2.docx
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大学英语精读二册handout 2.docx
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大学英语精读二册handout2
haUnitOne
SectionA–Time-ConsciousAmericans
Introduction(Lead-in)
TextOrganization
Informationindetail–questionstodiscussandpresent
Vocabulary
Summary
Introduction:
Timeisprecious.Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshortandoncetimehaspasseditwillnotreturn.ManyAmericansbelieveifoneisnotmovingahead,heisfallingbehind.SoeveryoneinAmericaisinarush---oftenunderpressure.Theywanteveryminutetobeputintouse.Theyvaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse“wasting“itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.
Let’sseehowAmericansattachgreatimportancetotimeandhowAmericancultureisdifferentfromotherculturesintheirtreatmentoftime.
Textorganization:
PartI(Para.1-2):
Introduction:
Americanstreasuretwoelements:
timeandlabor.
Paragraph1–Questions
Q1–DescribetheAmericansasanation.
Q2–WhatarethekeypointssavedbyAmericans?
(S4)Why?
Q3–WhatattituderesultsinanationofAmericanpeople?
(Theattitudeisthatifoneisnotmovingahead,heisfallingbehind)
Q4–WhatdoesthisattitudecauseAmericanstodo?
(devotetheirtimeandenergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.)
-Expressions
1.S1’smeaning:
Americansbelievenoonekeepsmotionless;everyonemoves.
*Here"stand"means"keeporstayinaparticularpositionorstate".Inthissense,"stand"isfollowedbyadjectives.
e.g.Theroomstandsidle.这房间闲置着Standfirm—don'tletthemtellyouwhattodo.要坚定,不要让他们对你指手画脚
Theystandopposedtothenewlaw.他们反对这项新法律
2.S2:
fallbehinde.g.fallbehindinscience在科学方面落后fallbehindone’scompetitors落后于竞争对手
(Ex.)fallback后退;违约,食言fallbelow降到…水平之下falldown跌倒;倒塌fallondeafears完全忽视
3.S3’smeaning:
ThiswayofthinkinganddoingthingscausesAmericanstodevotetheirtimeandenergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.
resultin-cause造成e.g.Theaccidentresultedinhisdeath.这一车祸造成他的死亡。
resultfrom-becausedby由...而造成e.g.Nothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.他的努力终成泡影
(Ex.)inresult结果,因此=asaresult因此;结果=withtheresultthat结果是,因此,从而
asaresultof作为...的结果;由于...e.g.Hislimpistheresultofafall.他的跛腿是摔伤的
withoutresult无效地,毫无结果地e.g.Theattemptwasmadewithoutresult.那尝试白费心机
4.S4’smeaning:
Americansusetwothingswithgreatcare:
Oneistimeandtheotherislabor.
*Specialtypeofadverbialclause:
"theotherbeinglabor".Thestructureis:
subject+V-ing(or:
V-ed).Thistypeofclausecanalsobeputatthebeginningofthewholesentence.独立结构的用法之一
e.g.Nofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.没做进一步讨论,会议就结束了
Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesittingroom.吃完午饭,所有客人都回到了起居室
-Translation
注重时间的美国人
美国人认为没有人能停止不前。
如果你不求进取,你就会落伍。
这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。
时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一,另一要素是劳力。
Paragraph2–Questions
Q1–HowistimetreatedinAmerica?
Why?
(S2&S3&S4)
Q2–Doyouthinkso?
Q3–Whyistimeprecious?
(Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshortandoncetimehaspasseditwillnotreturn.Sotheywanteveryminutetobeputintouse)
-Expressions
5.S1’smeaning:
Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse,orweareonlydominatedbytime...
slavetosth.:
apersonwhoisdominatedbysth.e.g.aslavetodrink酒鬼aslavetomoney金钱的奴隶
nothingbut只e.g.Hedidnothingbutcomplain.他除了抱怨什么都不做
6.S2:
asif(=asthough)e.g.Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。
Itlookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的
(Ex.)asto关于;至于e.g.Idon'tknowanythingastotheothers.至于其他,我一无所知
asof(=asfrom)自…起e.g.asoftoday从今天起asofright依照法律
asyet迄今aslongas只要e.g.Youmayborrowthisbookaslongasyoupromisetogiveitback.
7.S3’smeaning:
Weplanhowtospendit,saveit,wasteit,spenditmoreefficiently,findwaystopassitquickly,reduceit,explainhowweuseit;wealsoaskmoneyforit.
*Inthissentence,"time"isusedmetaphoricallyassomethingofrealvalue.
e.g.Wekilledtimebyplayingcards.我们用打纸牌来消磨时间。
Hedrovetotheclubtokillacoupleofhours.他驾车去俱乐部消磨了几个小时。
accountforv.说明e.g.Thesuspectcouldn'taccountforhistimethatnight.嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排
占e.g.Payingrentaccountsforhalfofmyexpenditures.我的开销中租金占了一半
8.S5’smeaning:
Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshort.
*Noticetheuseof"sense"inthefollowingexamples:
asenseofhumor/duty/direction幽默感/责任感/方向感
9.S6:
Noticethatthewholesentenceisametaphor,whichmeans:
Oncetimehaspassed,itwillnotreturn.
runout(常与of连用)用光;耗尽
e.g.I’mrunningoutofpatience.我快没耐心了Timeisrunningout.时间不多了
Weranhimoutoftown.我们把他驱逐出镇子Theinsurancepolicyhadrunout保险单已过期
(Ex.)runoutonToabandon放弃;抛弃e.g.Hehasrunoutonthefamily.放弃家庭
10.S7’smeaning:
Wewanteveryminutetobeputintogooduse(sinceitisprecious).
-Words
1.budgetvt.e.g.Weforgottobudgetthecarpayments.我们忘记编列汽车的预算
Iseldombudgetedmytimewisely.我不太能安排好时间
vi.e.g.Wesavemoneybybudgeting.通过安排开支而节省钱Webudgetfortheproject.为工程编制预算
n.e.g.Anewcarwillnotbepartofourbudgetthisyear.买一辆新车不在我们今年的预算之内
Youhaveabudgetoflettersonyourdesk.在你的桌子上有一大堆信件[一捆(信件等);一组(新闻)]
-hisbudgetofgeneralknowledge他对一般常识的累积
annualbudget年度预算capitalbudget资本预算congressionalbudget国会预算草案
*onabudget节省费用
adj.预算的;便宜的abudgetcar便宜的轿车budgetmeals合乎预算的晚宴
(Ex.)budgetarya.预算上的budgetern.编预算的人
2.chargevt.vi.e.g.Thefruitsellerchargedmetoomuchmoney.这个水果商要了我很多的钱.(要价)
Don'tforgettochargethemoneyoftheshoestomyaccount.别忘了把鞋钱记在我帐上(to,upto记账)
Theboychargedintotheroom.男孩冲进屋里(猛冲)-Suddenlythewildanimalchargedatus.
Hewaschargedwithstealingacar.他被指控偷了一辆汽车(with指控)
Shechargedmetolookafterherdaughter.她要我负责看管她的女儿
Doesyourcarbatterychargedeasily?
你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗?
n.e.g.apositivecharge正电荷freeofcharge免费achargeofstealing偷窃罪的指控
*inchargeof负责e.g.You'reinchargeofmakingthesalad.你负责做沙拉
*incharge主管e.g.thesecurityagentinchargeattheairport机场保安部的负责人
*underthechargeof在...看管[负责]之下
3.acuteadj.e.g.anacutesenseofsmell灵敏的嗅觉acutepain剧痛acutedisease急性病anacuteangle锐角
[辨析]acute,keen,sharp意思都含“锐利的”(包括它的引申义)意思。
用于物时:
sharp尖或刃,如:
asharppoint锐利的尖;keen刃,如:
akeenedge锋刃;
acute用于学术语中,如:
anacuteangle锐角
用于人时:
(1)sharp表示“有洞察力的,精明的,机警的”,着重“狡猾”“不易受骗”,
如:
Youwon'tcatchhim.He'sverysharp.你骗不了他,他精明极了。
(2)keen表示人的“锐敏”、“聪明”、“善于思索”,如:
He'sakeenmind.他头脑灵敏。
(3)acute侧重指“人观察事物的深刻性以及分辨问题的细致性”
如:
Hehasgivenanacuteanalysisofthesituation.他对形势做了深刻的分析
4.hourglassn.
-Translation
人们一直说:
“只有时间才能支配我们。
”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。
我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释;我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种宝贵的资源,许多人都深感人生的短暂。
时光一去不复返。
我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
PartII(Para.3-7):
HowAmericanstreattime.
Body1(Para.3-4)HowAmericanstreatdailylifeandbusinesslife.
Paragraph3–Questions
Q1–What’stheforeigner’sfirstimpressionofUS?
(S1)
Q2–Howdoesthewriterdescribecitypeople?
(S2)
Q3–WhyareAmericansalwaysinarush?
(S9)
Q4–DoesitshowthatAmericansdisliketheforeignersifAmericansdon’tgossipwiththem?
(S8&S9)
-Expressions
11.S1’smeaning:
...everyoneisdoingthingsinahurry,becausetheyareoftenunderpressuretodoso.
inarush–inahurrye.g.Theofficealwaysoperatesinarush.办公室的工作总是很繁忙
belikelyto可能e.g.Thetrainislikelytobelate.这趟火车很可能晚点
underpressure被迫;在强制下e.g.Shedoesn'tworkwellunderpressure.在压力之下不能很好地工作
12.S2’smeaning:
...impatientlytryingtogetserviceinastore,orpushingothersoutofthewaybytheirelbows...
13.S3’smeaning:
EatingtheirmealshurriedlyduringthedayispartofAmerica'sfastpaceoflife.
racethrough:
dosth.inahurrye.g.ThechildracedthroughhishomeworkinordertowatchthefootballmatchonTV.
14.S8’smeaning:
Don'tletitupsetyou(becausetheytreateverybodythisway)
take…personallye.g.Youmustn’ttakehernegativecommentsofyourplanpersonally.
你不应该把她对你计划的批评当作对你个人的攻击
take…seriously/lightly重视/不重视
-Words
5.restlessadj.e.g.arestlessheart烦乱不宁的心amanofrestlessenergy精力充沛的人therestlesssea不平静的大海
Thesickchildpassedarestlessnight.这患病的孩子一夜未眠
(Ex.)restlesslyadv.restvt.vi.n.休息,睡眠,静止
6.elbowvt.(与in,out,aside连用)用肘推e.g.Heelbowedmeoutoftheway.他把我挤开了
e.g.Heelbowedhiswaythroughthecrowdtowardstherostrum.他用肘推着从人群中向讲坛挤过去
Thelaneelbowstotheleft.小巷向左转弯
n.肘*at(one's)elbow在手边;在附近
(Ex.)elbowjointn.肘关节elbowboardn.窗台板elbowchairelbowchair
7.abruptadj.e.g.anabruptchangeintheweather天气的突然变化anabruptturn急转弯anabruptdescent陡峭的斜坡
inanabruptmanner无礼的态度anabruptentrance闯入anabruptliterarystyle不连贯的文体
[辨析]sudden;abrupt意思都含“突然的”
sudden指“事先未料到、无准备而迅速发生的”,强调“先未警告的”,如asuddenoutburstoftemper突然大发雷霆。
abrupt指“突然的”、“出其不意的”、“事先未告知的”,如:
Hetookanabruptdeparture.他突然离去
-Translation
外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是:
每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方,在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务,或者为了赶快买完东西,用肘来推搡他人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙,这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。
人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。
在公共用餐场所,人们都等着别人尽快吃完,以便他们也能及时用餐,你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽,人们推搡着在你身边过去。
你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得这是针对你个人的,这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间,而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
Paragraph4–Questions
Q1–WhatwillnewarrivalsinAmericamiss?
(S1&S2&S3)
Q2–HowdoAmericandobusinessusually?
Q3–HowdoChinesedobusiness?
-Expressions
15.S1’smeaning:
ManynewcomerstotheUnitedStateswillbesadtofindthatthereisnopolitesmalltalksatthebeginningofabusinesscall...
16.S2’smeaning:
Theywillbesadbecausetheywillnothavetheusualexchanges(withthepersonwhoinvitedthem)thatgowithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffee.Theseexchangesmaybeacommonpracticeonsimilaroccasionsintheirowncountry.
gowithe.g.Rightsalwaysgowithobligations.权利总是伴随着义务Thiscolo
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