高考英语专题复习阅读理解含答案100.docx
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高考英语专题复习阅读理解含答案100.docx
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高考英语专题复习阅读理解含答案100
高考英语专题复习阅读理解(含答案)100
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•全国Ⅲ)阅读理解
Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.
Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.
Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.
Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.
(1)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?
A. Academic.
B. Unattractive.
C. Inexpensive.
D. Confidential.
(2)Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?
A. Theywouldbepricedhigher.
B. Theywoulddisappearfromcities.
C. Theycouldhavemorereaders.
D. Theycouldregainpublictrust.
(3)Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?
A. Localpoliticians.
B. Commonpeople.
C. Youngpublishers.
D. Richbusinessmen.
(4)Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?
A. Itwasadifficultprocess. B. Itwasatemporarysuccess.
C. Itwasarobberyofthepoor.
D. Itwasadisasterforprinters.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。
(1)细节理解题。
将题干中的 1830s定位在文章的第一段,根据theseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens 和mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience可知,当时只有富人才能读报纸,而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容,让人感觉无聊。
由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。
A . Academic学术的;B. Unattractive没有吸引力, 无魅力的; C. Inexpensive廉价的,不贵的; D. Confidential机密的,保密的。
故答案为B。
(2)推理判断题。
根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众,很便宜的。
更重要的是,在街上可以买到报纸。
结合第三段中间的 streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities可知,报纸的街头销售随处可见。
由此可推断出,街头销售意味读报纸的多了。
故答案为C。
(3)细节理解题。
根据第二段中的referringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic可知,这种“便士报纸”是针对大众的,在街上可以买得到报纸。
所以这种报纸针对的是普通老百姓,故答案为B。
(4)推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的didnotbeginwell…immediatefailures…可知,“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好,一些早期的尝试立即失败了。
后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。
由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。
故答案为A。
【点评】这是一篇科普类的说明文,阅读时把握文章的主旨,然后快速浏览文章内容。
阅读问题时,确定问题中的关键词,然后在文章中准确定位,认真分析相关的语句即可得到答案。
2.阅读理解
Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion(万亿)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.
ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.
Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:
Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”
ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones-nomatterhoweducational-doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies-regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio-learnednothing.
(1)Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?
A. HavingahigherIQ.
B. Experiencingnewinformation.
C. Thebaby'earlyage.
D. Theconnectionwithotherbabies.
(2)WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?
A. Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.
B. Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.
C. Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.
D. Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.
(3)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?
A. Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.
B. Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.
C. Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.
D. Wordshavedifferentsounds.
(4)WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?
A. Babiesshouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.
B. Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.
C. Foreignlanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.
D. Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章,介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要,而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显,最有效的是面对面语言输入。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知,婴儿接收到不同信息,可以让大脑不同部分形成连接,故选B。
(2)推理判断题。
根据第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知,实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式,故选A。
(3)句意猜测题。
根据第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:
'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”可知,有些东西放在句首和句尾,会有很大的不同,比如John抓住了熊,和熊抓住了John,意思是不一样的,可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的,顺序不同,意思不同,故选B。
(4)推理判断题。
根据最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones-nomatterhoweducational-doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知,通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学,对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的,并且后面的实验表明,面对面的语言输入才有效,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:
段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga(海藻)thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.
TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.
InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspeciesweredocumentedasusingtheareaasamicrohabitat.Thisisanincreasefrompreviousstudies.Thetypesoffishfoundherearebothcommerciallyandenvironmentallyimportant.TheSouthAtlanticFisheryManagementCouncilisworkingtoregulatetheharvestingofsargassum.TheCouncilhopestohavetheareaclassifiedasanEssentialFishHabitat.Whichwouldafforditcertainprotections.
FurtherresearchneedstobedonebeforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife.
(1)Theauthoruses"enormous"inparagraph2tostressthat .
A. theAtlanticOceanisreallyamazingintermsofitssizeandarea
B. whattheresearchersdoishighlyrespectedbyscientificcommunity
C. theresearchworkiscomplexbecausealargeareamustbecovered
D. alargeamountofmoneyfortheSargassoSearesearchis
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