最新高三英语阅读理解科普环保技巧小结及练习题及解析.docx
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最新高三英语阅读理解科普环保技巧小结及练习题及解析.docx
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最新高三英语阅读理解科普环保技巧小结及练习题及解析
最新高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧小结及练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.
StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡议)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.
Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.
Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提炼)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.
(1)WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?
A. E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.
B. Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.
C. Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.
D. NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.
(2)Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?
A. startingperiod
B. collectioneffort
C. finalstage
D. hardsearch
(3)WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?
A. Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.
B. Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.
C. Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.
D. Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.
(4)Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Ambiguous
D. Indifferent
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属,用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大约18个月的时间里,由于与NTTDocomo的合作,收集了500多万部智能手机,故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了,并且到了最后关头,也就是说,收集过程可以在3月底完成。
inthehomestretch固定短语,“最后关头”,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪,这是一个很好的开始,展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识,他们能做些什么。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据全文的描述,可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whenhospitalstaffareinfullscrubs(手术衣),theirfacesarealmostcompletelycoveredbytheircapsandfacemasks,andwecanonlyseetheireyesandeyebrows.Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignnamed"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge"-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.Atfirst,hiscolleaguesdidn'ttakeitseriously.However,withtimegoingon,ithasbeenadoptedaroundtheworldwithstudiesfromtheUSandUKreportinghowthissimpleideacandecreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.
"Iwenttoatheatrewheretherewereabout20doctorsandnursesintheroom,"Dr.RobHackettsaid."IstruggledtoevenasktobepassedsomeglovesbecausethepersonIwaspointingtothoughtIwaspointingtothepersonbehindthem,becauseIdon'tknowtheirnames."saidRob.Asweallknow,doctorsareastressfulprofession.Whenfacedwithlifeanddeath,theyneedtosavethepatient'slifeforasecond.Atthemoment,effectivecommunicationsareimportant.
"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."saidRob."Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.Forthistohappen,weneedtoleteveryoneknowwe'rehuman."headdedOntheotherhand,fromthepatients'viewpoint,capswithnamesonthemcanmakepatientsmoreunworried.Wheneveryoneappearsthesame,itisextremelydifficulttodistinguishwhoiswho.Knowingthemrelaxed.
(1)Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?
A. Hospitalstaffareaskedtocovertheirfacesinhospitals.
B. Robisinfavorofwritingnamesandrolesoncaps.
C. Robwantedtobeaprofessionaldoctor.
D. Rob'sideacanincreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.
(2)Whatcanweknowaboutthe"TheatreCapChallenge"fromthetext?
A. Itcanmakethecapsmorefashionable.
B. Itisstronglyopposedtobyallthedoctorsandnurses.
C. Itaimstoavoidmistakesandpoorcommunication.
D. Itcanhelppeoplepasssomeglovesinatheatre.
(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"werehuman"underlinedinparagraph3?
A. We'regenerous. B. We'renegative. C. We'resatisfied. D. We'rekind.
(4)What'sthepatients'attitudetowardsthecampaign?
A. Supportive
B. Disapproving
C. Doubtful
D. Uncaring
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,在手术室里,医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩,只露出眼睛和眉毛,这让周围的人认不出他们,导致在交流过程中产生误会。
于是,一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位,这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignname‘"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge’-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位,由此可知他是支持这一想法的。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."可知,TheatreCapchallenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件,而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。
所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。
故选C。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“ Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统,而要达到这个目的,首先要让每个人知道医生是人类,是有人情味的。
只有病人也感觉到医生的善良,才能减少病患之间的误解。
故选D。
(4)考查观点态度。
全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。
从其中的"unworried(不担心的,不着急的)"和"relaxed(松懈的,放松的)"两个词可以知道,这个活动能让病人心情放松,病人对这一做法是很支持的。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Theclockalwaysseemstobetickingrathertoofastinthedoctor'sofficeandthequeueofpatientsoutsidethedoorseemstobepressingrathertoohard.Somesayit'shightimeforthemodelofshort,sharpone-to-oneappointmentstogivewaytosharedmedicalappointments(SMAs共享医疗预约).
SMAsaredoctor-patientvisitsinwhichagroupofpatientsreceivepatienteducationandcounseling(咨询),physicalexaminationandmedicalsupportinagroupsetting.TypicallySMAsaredesignedtohaveoneormoredoctorsattendtoagroupofpatientswhoshareacommonillnessormedicalcondition.Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMASprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.
However,doctorswhohavepioneeredthesharedappointmentapproachreportthattherearesignificantchallengesinvolved.Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,identifiesculturechangeasthemostsignificantchallenge.Physiciansandnursesaretrainedinamodelofpersonalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.Theyneedsharedgoalsandawayoftestingtheinnovationagainstagreedstandards.Dr.Sumegosays,"Thephysiciansmaybeworriedaboutthepossiblechaosandefficienciesthataremarketed.Theyalsohavetomakethepatientsunderstandwhattheirappointmentis,andwhattheexpectationis."
"So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthework-flowanddevelopsomeexperience.Providesomesupportbehindwhatthatbestpracticeshouldlooklike.Createsomestandardssothat,astheconceptspreads,youcanemploythatexperiencetostartthenextsharedmedicalappointmentsandthenext."
(1)WhatisthepurposeoftheSMAapproach?
A. Toimprovemedicalservice.
B. Topromotedoctors'reputation.
C. Toconductmedicalresearch.
D. Tomeetpatients'expectation.
(2)AccordingtoDr.Sumego,whatpreventstheSMAapproachfrombeingwidelyadopted?
A. Personalservice.
B. Fixedideas.
C. Lac
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