初中英现在完成时讲解与练习.docx
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初中英现在完成时讲解与练习.docx
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初中英现在完成时讲解与练习
现在完成时
【现在完成时】
A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
【常用时间状语】recently,lately,since+时间点,for+数字+时间名词,inthepastfewmonths/years等
【构成】肯定形式:
have/has+done
否定形式:
have/has+not+done
一般疑问句:
have或has放于句首
B. 现在完成时的用法
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。
eg.Thecarhasarrived. 车子来了。
(结果:
车子已在门口)
Someonehasbrokenthewindow. 有人把窗户打破了。
(结果:
窗户仍破着)
区别:
havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin
havebeento,表示去过某个地方,不过现在已经回来了
havegoneto表示去了,但还没有回来,也许是在去的途中
havebeenin指的是在某个地方,从过去一直延续到现在Wherehashebeen?
他刚才到哪里去了?
(已经回来了)
Wherehashegone?
他上哪儿去了?
(人不在)
TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大。
(现在已经不在加拿大)
TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了。
(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)
JillhasbeeninIrelandforthreedays.
2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。
常用for和since表示一段时间的状语
eg.HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.
HehasstudiedEnglishsince2001.
NowIhavefinishedthework.
Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。
since和for的区别
since后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere
for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。
Exercise:
用since和for填空
1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.
2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.
3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.
4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.
5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.
6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.
7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.
8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.
2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。
因此,不能说:
Hehascomeherefor2weeks.×
Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×
Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×
以上三句话可以改为:
Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.
Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.
Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes
由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→behere
begin(start)→beon
die→bedead
comeback→beback
leave→beaway
fallill(sick,asleep)
→beill(sick,asleep)
getup→beup
goout→beout
finish→beover
puton→wear或beon
open→beopen
join→bein
或beamemberof…
close→beclosed
gotoschool→beastudent
borrow→keep
buy→have
catch(acold)→have(acold)
gettoknow→know
begintostudy→study
cometowork→work
3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein,但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。
例如:
Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了。
Ihaven’treadityet.我还没读过这个。
Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他。
MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.马红一直是个好学生。
Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在街上看见他。
TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an.他们从未去过延安。
Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近来没看到他。
英语动词变过去式、过去分词不规则变化大全
不规则动词过去式
【AAA型】:
Costcostcost
cutcutcut
putputput
readreadread
hithithit
hurthurthurt
letletlet
【ABB型】:
(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)
catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
thinkthoughtthought
(原形→元音变化→元音变化)
sitsatsat
meetmetmet
findfoundfound
getgotgot
standstoodstood
understandunderstoodunderstood
winwonwon
(原形→“…t”→“…t”)
loselostlost
buildbuiltbuilt
sendsentsent
spendspentspent
smellsmeltsmelt
feelfeltfelt
learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned
lendlentlent
(原形→“…d”→“…d”)
Hearheardheard
Makemademade
have(has)hadhad
paypaidpaid
saysaidsaid
telltoldtold
(“ee/ea”→“e..t”→“e..t”)
sleepsleptslept
sweepsweptswept
keepkeptkept
leaveleftleft
【ABC型】:
(原形→变形→原形+en/ne)
be(am,is)wasbeen
be(are)werebeen
seesawseen
dodiddone
gowentgone
eatateeaten
givegavegiven
mistakemistookmistaken
taketooktaken
drivedrovedriven
writewrotewritten
(原形→“-o-”→“过去式-n”)
breakbrokebroken
speakspokespoken
forgetforgotforgotten
(原形→“ew”→“原形-n”)
showshowedshown
flyflewflown
growgrewgrown
throwthrewthrown
knowknewknown
(原形→“-a-”→“-u-”)
Beginbeganbegun
ringrangrung
drinkdrankdrunk
singsangsung
swimswamswum
【ABA型】
becomebecamebecome
comecamecome
runranrun
一、典型例题
()1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.
A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway
()2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.
A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin
()3.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.
A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened
()4.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.
A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome
()5.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.
A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft
()6.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.
A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover
()7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.
A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught
()8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.
A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became
()9.I______homeforaweek.
A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned
()10.Howlong_______he________?
A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead
()11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.
A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept
()12.He________thecarforaweek.
A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad
()13.---Howlong_____you_____ill?
---Twoweeks.
A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been
()14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.
A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom
()15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.
A.borrowB.keepC.take
三、课后练习
[单项选择]
()1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
()2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
()3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?
A.justB.agoC.before D.amomentago
()4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wrote D.haswritten
()5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;well B.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
()6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying
()7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
()8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
()9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone
()10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
()11、Hisfather______theclubsince1988.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
()12、—Doyouknowherwell?
—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
()13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Aboutsevenyears.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
()14、Hurryup!
Theprogram__________forfiveminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
()15、It_____tenyearssincehecameChengdu.
A.isB.hasC.willD.was
()16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
()17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen
()18、He________for2hours.
A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup
()19、Tomisillinhospital.He______acoldforseveraldays.
A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad
()20、Hisgrandparents______formorethan9years.
A.hascomehere B.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthere D.haslefttheuniversity
[汉译英]
1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
1、Jimhasfinisheddoinghishomeworkalready.Heisfreenow.
2、Hereceivedaletteryesterday.
3、MyfatherhasbeentotheGreatWallbefore.
4、Shehasn'tseenthenewfilmyet.
5、ShehasbeentoShanghai.
Exercise:
I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.
1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.
2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?
Notyet.
3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.
4.Where’sLiMing?
He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.
5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.
6.I_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.
7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?
Fortwoweeks.
8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.
9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.
10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?
11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.
12.Look!
Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.
13.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.
14.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?
II.Choosethebestanswer.
1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?
A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been
2.Mygrandpadied_________.
A.attheageofmy2B.for2years
C.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.
3.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.
A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen
4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.
A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that
5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?
--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.
A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet
6.--Whatanicedress!
Howlong_____you_____it?
--Just2weeks.
A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had
7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?
--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.
A.havemade
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