考验英语.docx
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考验英语.docx
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考验英语
一部分 听力
Part A & B (书写题)
l)在正式听本段独白或对话之前阅读并熟悉表格或问题中的中的信息,并对语境和答案作出预测,例如:
机场、医院;年代、小时数、电话号码等。
2)注意表格前面一栏所提供的信息词出现的地方,要写出的关键信息一般紧随其后。
3)书写速度要快,可以在第一次只拼写出长单词的前两三个字母或使用自己所熟悉的标记或简写等,例如:
Cn替代China,Eng替代England, 以后再补全。
4)尽量多采用单词的缩写形式,例如:
hr替代hours,m.替代millions,US代替United State of Ameria等等。
5)数字一般应采用阿拉伯数字。
6)注意Part A的考点是特定和具体信息,答案只要求一个字。
如果出现多种信息词,写出其中一个关键词即可。
原文中的重复信息词在填空时选择其一即可,例如:
cold temperatures with a high of only 35 degrees只需写出 cold或 high 35°即可。
7)应注意用一个关键词去概括原文中一个句子或词组的意思,例如:
windy替代 very strong wind。
8)一般在第一遍听音时写出答案,第二遍听音时再次确认答案。
9)可在第二遍听音时将重点放在没有写出的信息上。
10)难度超过自己水平的填空项可以放弃,不要再在此项上面犹豫或浪费时间而影响 做其他填空项。
11)充分利用每节之间30秒的放音间隙,完成必要的拼写、检查并确认所有的填空项信息。
Part C
第二部分 英语知识应用
英语知识应用题命题方式
根据硕士研究生英语考试大纲的规定,从2002年起,取消了语法结构和词汇题,传统的语法结构和词汇被纳入完形填空的测试要点,篇幅增长,总称为英语知识运用。
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by shavings clearly stated rules.
英语知识应用题考查了什么?
该部分不仅考查考生对词汇、表达方式和结构等语言要素的掌握,还考察考生对连贯性和一致性等语段特征的辨认能力,是一项语言综合技能测试, 旨在通过语篇及其上下文测试考生综合运用语言知识的能力。
语言知识运用题型考查点一览表
年份结构搭配、习惯用语词义及其用法辨析语义逻辑
1996244
1997127
1998262
1999334
2000235
2001776
2002569
20032513
2004785
根据表中数据统计,第一类平均占考试内容的23.8%,第二类是33.9%,第三类为42.3%。
那么词汇语法题一共是54.5%,占了cloze的大部分,是该项考查重点,加之这也是听力、阅读理解、翻译和写作的前提,因此,掌握一定的词汇量和基本语法知识是考生必备的基础。
同时我们也应该看到,语义逻辑部分所占比例也不小,而且总体上有增长之势。
可见对语段特征的理解越来越受到重视。
这就要求考生在掌握一定词汇语法知识的基础上要加强对语言在应用情景中的整体理解,能够体会到语言的连贯一致性。
做知识应用题有那些步骤?
第一步
1994年cloze 首句:
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. 就语言而言,可以讨论的首要的以及最小的单位就是单词。
接下来,文章讨论了说话时选词的重要性,选词不当会造成交流的障碍,甚至引起听话人的不快。
这儿的首句就是提出了全篇要讨论的话题。
1995年:
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 睡眠分为REM(浅睡)阶段和较长时间的non-REM (深睡) 阶段。
接着文章介绍了对两种睡眠的有趣研究和发现。
因此,本篇首句引出了要说明的方向。
2003年:
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. 教师应该注意到正在成长的年轻人所经历的情感、智力以及身体诸方面的变化。
随后,文章介绍了年轻人的一些生理、心理特征,指出应该为其健康成长创造条件。
在这方面成年人负有责任。
可见,本文首句就是全篇主题。
除了首句,尾句也包含着重要已知信息,往往是全文的总结归纳,值得关注。
第二步
第三步
做语言知识题的具体办法
语法及搭配
先看例子:
1. John looked very much embarrassed when he was caught cheating in the exam the spot.
[A] on [B] by [C] at [D] in
做介词选项题时要特别注意,介词与前面的动词或后面的名词能否构成习惯用语或成语
92年以来历年cloze考题出现的介词包括(黑体为答案):
(1992年)
[A] In [B] On [C] By [D] With
[A] for[B] by [C] in [D] through
(1993年)
[A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into
[A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With
(1994年)
[A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on
(1995年)
[A] upon[B] by [C] through[D] with
(1998年)
[A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By
[A] at [B] in [C] about[D] for
(1999年)
[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with
(2000年)
[A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards
(2001)
[A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by
(2002)
[A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into
(2003)
[A] in (effect) [B] as (a result)
[C] for (example) [D] in (a sense)
(2004)
[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with
从以上统计看,几乎每年考题都有介词项,一些普通介词出现频率很高, 其中 with 直接作为考查点出现过三次,作为选项一共出现高达七次;in 分别是三次和五次;by 是两次和四次;for 作为选项出现高达七次!
可见,看起来不起眼的词汇往往是最容易考到的。
语义逻辑
先看例子:
John looked very much when he was caught cheating in the exam on the spot.
[A] encouraged [B] embarrassed [C] disappointed [D] excited
做这类题可以从因果、并列、递进、转折、让步等逻辑关系方面入手进行合理推断,找出答案,也可以利用前文概念已知或下文概念重现等线索找到答案。
1) As a result, the trip had to be canceled, and they returned home _____ and unhappy.
2) Even among the young we find an incomprehension of change:
students so ignorant of the past that they see nothing unusual about the _____.
3) The voyage began because I was terrified of Cape Horn. If anything terrifies me, I must ______ it.
4) Indeed without Einstein’s theory, which was the result of many complicated mathematical calculations, there would never have been any practical _____ of nuclear power.
5) Among many people there is an uneasy mood – a suspicion that change is out of control. Not everyone, ______, shares this anxiety.
第三部分 阅读理解
Part A
一 短文内容统计
短文内容涉及社会科学、自然科学和人文科学各个领域的知识。
1986 – 2004年英语考研试题阅读理解内容统计
二 提问类型统计 (1996 – 2004年考题)
主旨题112131217.5%
细节题1110811910111050%
词汇题123001226.9%
推断题7778885735.6%
主旨大意题
这类问要求考生能够概括出阅读材料的中心思想,确定段落大意或选择最佳标题。
命题形式有三:
1)文章或段落大意;2)文章标题;3)文章目的。
其典型提问方式如下:
1.The main idea of the passage is …
2.The passage is mainly concerned with ….
3.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is …
4.A good title for this passage would be …
5.What is the subject of the passage?
6.What is the main topic of the passage?
7.What does the passage mainly deal with?
8.What does the passage talk about?
9.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
往年考题举例:
1.The best title for this passage could be _____. (1997)
2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
(2000)
3.This passage is mainly ______.(2000)
4.What is the passage mainly about?
(2001)
具体细节题
这一类问题通常就文中时间、地点、人物、数据等提问,测试考生对文章中事件过程重要环节及其原因和发展结果的理解,或对与文章论点有关的事实依据提问。
往年考题举例:
1.What does the example of India illustrate?
(2000)
2.What is the typical trend of business today?
(2001)
3.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____. (2001)
4.According to the passage which of the following is true?
(1997)
5.The panel agreed on all of the following EXCEPT that _____. (1999)
6.Which of the following statement is NOT true?
(1991)
7.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
(2001)
The dimensions of the cosmos are so large that using familiar units of distance, such as meters or miles, chosen for their utility on Earth, would make little sense. Instead we measure distance with the speed of light. In one second a beam of light travels 186, 000 miles, nearly 300, 000 kilometers, or seven times around the Earth. In eight minutes it will travel from the Sun to the Earth. We can say the Sun is eight light-minutes away. In a year, it crosses nearly ten trillion kilometers, about six million miles, of intervening space. That unit of length, the distance light goes in a year, is called a light-year. It measures not time but distances – enormous distances.
The Earth is a place; it is by no means the only place. It is not even a typical place. No planet or star or galaxy can be typical because most of the cosmos is empty. The only typical place is within the vast, cold universal vacuum, the everlasting night of intergalactic space, a place so strange and desolate that by comparison, planets and stars and galaxies seem achingly rare and lovely. If we were randomly inserted into the cosmos, the chance that we would find ourselves on or near a planet would be less than one in a billion trillion trillion. Worlds are precious.
1) According to the passage, how long does it take light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?
(A)186, 000 years. (B) One year.
(C)Eight minutes. (D) One second.
2)According to the passage, where would one find the most ordinary place in the cosmos?
(A)On a star. (B) On a planet.
(C)In the galaxy. (D) In intergalactic space.
词语题
1.这类题测试考生根据上下文判断生词或短语意义的能力。
这些词语的意义与其所处的语言环境有着密切关系。
往年考题举例:
1.The word “pervasive” (line2, paragraph 2) might mean ______. (1997)
2.The word “schism” (line4, paragraph 1) in the context probably means ___. (1998)
3. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ______. (2001)
推断题
要求考生根据全文或其中相关细节合理推断出字里行间的隐含意义,领会作者的言外之意,或作出总结;从文章的内容、写作方法和遣词造句判断作者对某一问题的态度、情绪及写作风格。
其正确答案无法从原文的表面意义中找到。
常见考题的形式有:
1.The passage suggests that _________.
2.The author implies that ____________.
3.The passage is intended to _________.
4.The next paragraph would most probably deal with _________.
5.The paragraph preceding this on e may discuss __________.
6.We can conclude from the passage that _____________.
7.What can be inferred from the passage?
8.Where would this paragraph most probably appear?
9.What is the tone of the passage?
10.The author seems to be in favor of the idea of _________.
11.What does the author think of …?
12.In the writer’s opinion, …
往年考题举例:
1.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ____. (2000)
2.We can infer from the passage that _______. (2001)
3.From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______. (2001)
4.The author’s attitude toward t
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