TPO9听力原文.docx
- 文档编号:10015369
- 上传时间:2023-02-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:24.43KB
TPO9听力原文.docx
《TPO9听力原文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《TPO9听力原文.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
TPO9听力原文
TPO9Conversation1
Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandherprofessor.
P:
Beforewegetstarted,I...IjustwantedtosayI’mgladyouchosefood
scienceforyourmajorcoursesstudy.
S:
Yeah,itseemslikeagreatindustrytogetinvolvedwith.Imeanwiththe
four-yeardegreeinfoodscience,I'llalwaysbeabletofindajob.
P:
You'reabsolutelyright.Beforeenteringacademia,Iworkedasascientistfor
severalfoodmanufacturersandfortheUSFoodandDrugAdministration.I
evenworkedonacommercialfishingboatinAlaskaacoupleofsummers
whileIwasanundergraduate.Webringintheday'scatchtoafloating
processorboatwherethefishgotcleaned,packagedandfrozenrightatsea.
S:
That'samazing!
Asamatteroffact,I'msortofinterestedinfoodpackaging.
P:
Well,forthat,you'llneedastrongbackgroundinphysics,mathand
chemistry.
S:
Thosearemybestsubjects.Foralongtime,Iwasleadingtowardsgetting
mydegreeinengineering.
P:
Well,thenyoushouldhaveaproblem.Andfortunately,atthisuniversity,the
departmentoffoodscienceoffersaprograminfoodpackaging.Elsewhere,
youmighthavetohammercoursestogetheronyourown.
S:
IguessIlikeitalotthen.Iam…sosincemyappointmenttodayisto
discussmytermpapertopic,Iwantedtoask,couldIwriteaboutfood
packaging?
Irealizewe'resupposedtoresearchfood-bornbacteria,butfood
packagingmustplayaroleinallofthat,right?
P:
Absolutely!
Maybeyoushoulddosomepreliminaryresearchonthat.
S:
Ihave!
That'stheproblem.I'moverwhelmed.
P:
Well,inyourreading,didanythinginterestyouinparticular?
Imean
somethingyou’dliketoinvestigate.
S:
well,Iwassurprisedaboutthedifferenttypesofpackagingusedformilk.
Youknow,clearplasticbottles,opaquebottles,cartonboardcontainers...
P:
True!
Infact,thetypeofpackaginghassomethingtodowiththewaymilk's
treatedagainstbacteria.
S:
Yeah,andIreadastudythatshowedhowlightcangivemilkafunnyflavor
anddecreasethenutritionalvalue.Andyetmostmilkbottlesareunclear.
What'supaboutthat?
P:
Wellconsumerslikebeingabletovisuallyexaminethecolorofthemilk.
Thatmightbeonereasonthatopaquebottleshaven'treallycalledon.Butthat
study...I'msurethereismorestudyonthesubject.Youshouldn'tbaseyour
paperononlyonestudy.
S:
MaybeIshouldwriteaboutthoseopaqueplasticbottles.Findoutifthere
areanyscientificreasonstheyaren'tusedmorewidely?
Maybeopaque
bottlesaren'tasgoodatkeepingbacteriafromgrowinginmilkafterthebottle
hasbeenopenedforsomething…butwheretobeginresearchingthis?
Idon't
havea...
P:
Youknow,thereisadairynotfarfromhereinChelsea.Itwasoneofthe
firstdiariestobottlemilkinopaqueplastic,butnowthey'reusingclearplastic
began.Andthey'realwaysverysupportiveoftheuniversityandourstudents,
andifyouwantit...
S:
Yeah,Ilikethatidea.
TPO9Lecture1Theater
Listentopartofalectureinatheaterclass
Pro:
Aswehaveseen,thesecondhalfofthe18thcenturywasanexciting
timeinEurope:
itwasnotonlyanageofgreatinvention,butsocialchanges
alsoledtoariseinallsortsofentertainment,fromreadingtomuseums,to
travel.Andfindinghimselfinthemiddleofthisexcitementwasan
accomplishedFrenchpainternamedPhilippeJacquesdeLoutherbourg.
LoutherbourgarrivedinEnglandin1771,andimmediatelywenttoworkasa
sitedesigneratthefamousDruryLaneTheaterinLondon.Fromhisfirst
shows,Loutherbourgshowedaknackforimaginationandstagedesign,allin
theinterestofcreatingillusionsthatallowedtheaudiencetosuspenddisbelief
completely.Heaccomplishedthisbygivingthestageagreaterfeelingofdepth,
whichhedidbycuttingupsomeoftherigidbackgroundscenery,andplacingit
atvariousanglesanddistancesfromtheaudience.Anotherrealistictouchwas
usingthree-dimensionalobjectsontheset,likerocksandbushesasopposed
totwo-dimensionalpaintedscenery.Healsopaidmuchmoreattentionto
lightingandsoundthanhadbeendonebefore.
Now,thesesetsweresoelaboratethatmanypeopleattendedthetheater
moreforthemthanfortheactorsorthestories.Atthetime,peoplewerewild
fortravelandforexperiencingnewplaces;butnoteveryonecouldaffordit.
Loutherbourgoutdidhimselfhowever,withashowthathesetupinhisown
home.Hecalleditthe"Eidophusikon".
"Eidophusikon"meanssomethinglikerepresentationofnature,andthat's
exactlywhatheintendedtodo:
createrealisticmovingscenesthatchange
beforetheaudiences'eyes.Inthis,hesynthesizedallhistricksfromDrury
Lane:
mechanicalmotions,sound,light,otherspecialeffectstocreate,ifyou
will,anearly**production.
The"Eidophusikon"wasLoutherbourg'sattempttoreleasepaintingfromthe
constraintsofthepictureframe.Afterall,eventhemostactionfieldexciting
paintingcanrepresentonlyonemomentintime;andanyillusionofmovement
isgoneafterthefirstglance.ButLoutherbourg,likeothercontemporary
painters,wantedtoaddthedimensionoftimetohispaintings.Youknow,the
popularthinkingisthatLoutherbourgwasinfluencedbylandscapepainting.
Butwhycan'twesaythatthe"Eidophusikon"actuallyinfluencedthepainters?
Attheveryleastwehavetoconsiderthatitwasmore...itwasmoreofa
mutualthing.Weknow,forexample,thattheimportantEnglishlandscape
painterThomasGainsboroughattendedalmostalloftheyearlyperformances,
andhislaterpaintingsarenotablefortheirincreasedcoloranddynamicuseof
light.Loutherbourg'sinfluenceonthetheaterthough,hewasincredibly
influential:
thewayhebroughttogetherdesignandlightingandsoundasa
unifiedfeatureofthestage,caneasilybeseeninEnglishtheater'ssubsequent
emphasisonlightingandmotion.
Now,the"Eidophusikon"stagewasactuallyabox:
afewmeterswide,a
couplemeterstallandacouplemetersdeep.Thatis,theactiontookplace
withinthisbox.Thiswasmuchsmallerofcoursethantheusualstage.But,it
alsoallowedLoutherbourgtoconcentratethelightingtobettereffect.Also,the
audiencewasinthedark,whichwouldn'tbeacommonfeatureofthetheater
untilahundredyearslater.Theshowconsistedofaseriesofscenes,for
example,aviewofLondonfromsunrisethatchangesasthedaymoveson;
mechanicalfigures,suchascattle,movedacrossthescene,andshipssailed
alongtheriver.Butwhatreallygotpeoplewastheattentiontodetail,muchlike
hisworkinDruryLane.So,forexample,hepaintedveryrealisticships,and
variedtheirsizedependingontheirdistancefromtheaudience.Smallboats
movedmorequicklyacrosstheforegroundthanlargeronesdidthatwere
closertothehorizon.Othereffects,likewaves,werealsoveryconvincing.
Theyreflectedsunlightormoonlightdependingonthetimeofdayornight.
Eventhecolorschangedastheywouldinnature.Soundandlightwere
importantin**hisproductionsrealistic.Heusedagreatnumberoflights,
andhewasabletochangecolorsoflightbyusingvariouslycoloredpiecesof
glass,tocreateeffectslikepassingcloudsthatsuddenlychangeincolor.
Furthermore,heusedeffectstomakepatternsofshadowandlight,ratherthan
usingtheuniformlightingthatwascommonatthetime.Andmanyofthe
soundeffectshepioneeredarestillinusetoday,likecreatingthunderby
pullingononeofthecornersofathincoppersheet.Oneofhismostpopular
sceneswasofastorm.Andthereisastorythatononeoccasion,anactual
stormpassedoverheadduringtheshow.Andsomepeoplewentoutside,and
theyclaimedLoutherbourg'sthunderwasactuallybetterthantherealthunder.
TPO9Lecture2EnvironmentalScience
Listentoapartoflectureinanenvironmentalscienceclass.
Lecturer:
Sosincewe'rearoundthetopicofglobalclimatechangeandits
effects,inAlaska,inthenorthernArcticpartofAlaska,overthelastthirtyyears
orso,temperaturehasincreasedabouthalfadegreeCelsiusperdecade,and
scientistshavenoticedthatthere'vebeenchangesinsurfacevegetation
duringthistime.Shrubsareincreasinginthe"tundra".Tundraisflatlandwith
verylittlevegetation.Justafewspeciesofplantsgrowtherebecausethe
temperatureisverycold,andthere'snotmuchprecipitation.Andbecauseof
thecoldtemperatures,thetundrahastwolayers:
toplayer,whichiscalledthe
activelayer,isfrozeninthewinterandspring,butthawsinthesummer.
Beneaththisactivelayeristhesecondlayercalled"permafrost",whichis
frozenallyeararound,andisimpermeabletowater.
FemaleStudent:
Sobecauseofthepermafrost,noneoftheplantsthatgrow
therecanhavedeeproots,canthey?
Lecturer:
No,andthat'soneofthereasonsthatshrubssurviveintheArctic.
Shrubsarelittlebushes.They'renottallandbeinglowinthegroundprotect
themfromthecoldandwind.Andtheirrootsdon'tgrowverydeep,sothe
permafrostdoesn'tinterferewiththeirgrowth.OK?
Nowsincethe
temperatureshavebeenincreasinginArcticAlaska,thegrowthofshrubshas
increased.Andthisispresentedtoclimatescientistswithapuzzle...
MaleStudent:
I'msorry,whenyousaythegrowthofshrubshasincreased,do
youmeantheshrubsarebigger,orthattherearemoreshrubs?
Lecturer:
Goodquestion!
Andtheanswerisboth.Thesizeoftheshrubshas
increasedandshrubcoverhasspreadtowhatwaspreviouslyshrub-free
tundra.Ok,sowhat'sthepuzzle?
Warmertemperaturesshouldleadto
increasedvegetationgrowth,right?
Well,theconnectionsarenotsosimple.
Thetemperatureincreasehasoccurredd
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- TPO9 听力 原文