611基础英语.docx
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611基础英语.docx
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611基础英语
2009年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码:
基础英语(611)
适用专业:
外国语言学及应用语言学
考生注意事项:
①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效。
②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
I.Paraphrase(20points,2pointseach);writeyouranswerontheanswersheet.
1.Seriouslookingmenspoketooneanotherasiftheywereobliviousofthecrowdsaboutthem.
2.Shethinkshersisterhasheldlifealwaysinthepalmofonehand.
3.TheDuchessofCroydon-----threecenturiesofinbredarrogancebehindher----didnotyieldeasily.
4.Thewidestbenefitsoftheelectronicrevolutionwillaccruetotheyoung.
5.MarkTwainwasalsoamanwhobecameobsessedwiththefrailtiesofthehumanrace.
6.Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryarerampant.
7.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.
8.Outofthemeltingpotemergesaracewhichhatesbeautyasithatestruth.
9.Allareexpressionsofthecreativetransformationofnaturebyman’sreasonandskill
10.Withaclamorofbellsthatsettheswallowssoaring,theFestivalofSummercametothecityofOmela,bight-toweredbythese.a.
II.VocabularyandGrammar(20points,1pointeach)
DecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.Heknewtheinformationcouldbeofhelpto______tookoverthejob.
A.anyoneB.thoseC.whoeverD.theperson
2.YesterdayIboughtthisbook______threedollars.
A.forB.atC.withD.in
3.________mucheffort,hestillfailedtopasshisdrivingtest.
A.AgainstB.ThoughC.DespiteD.With
4.Somepeopleareundertheimpressionthat______tomakeagoodfishermanistheabilitytotelllieseasilyandwithoutblushing;butthisisamistake.
A.allisrequiredB.allarerequired
C.allthatisrequiredD.allrequiredis
5._______tothatbookisadisadvantage.
A.TheretobenoindexB.Therenottobeanyindex
C.TherebeingnoindexD.Therebeingnotindex
6.Wecheerasaracecardriverpowers_______aturnandhead______thefinishline.
A.around…toB.through…forC.about…forD.across…toward
7.It’snot_______thatpeopleformopinionsofyoubasedatleastpartly_______thewayyouspeakandwrite.
A.surprised…inB.surprising…on
C.beingsurprising…fromD.surprising…by
8._______,thereareahandfulofeventsuponwhichmostfanswillbefocusingtheirinterestandtheirbinoculars.
A.BesureB.BeingsureC.TobesureD.It’ssure
9.Thesettingwasaminorleaguetownwhere,_______justlikeit,baseballisbeingrediscoveredonafolklevelandwritersgettothrowoutthefirstball.
A.asmanytownsB.inasmanyastowns
C.asinmanyatownD.asmanyastowns
10.HeaswellasI_______ajobberinthestockbrokingfirm.
A.isB.amC.areD.were
11.Attheheadofthevalleyweturnedrightand_______thesummit.
A.madeforB.wentforC.setupD.tookup
12.Wemust_______allhopeofreachingourproductiontargetthisyear.
A.releaseB.retractC.resignD.abandon
13.Tosaythatsoldierfoughtinbattlelikelionmaybedescriptive_______,butitdoesnotmeanthathewasonallfours,roaringandwagginghistail.
A.anodeB.analogueC.analogyD.analytic
14.InWorldWarIItheAlliessufferedalong_______ofdefeatsbeforetheyfinallyachievedvictory.
A.successionB.compressionC.suppressionD.streamline
15.Johnmade_______keysforthehouse:
oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.
A.deviateB.duplicateC.dozenD.deliberate
16.Heshookhandswithhis_______beforethematch.
A.oppositionB.opponentC.contestantD.competitor
17.Hewrotethetextbookin________withhisbrother.
A.harmonyB.collaborationC.unionD.connection
18.Aphilanthropistmay,duringhislifetime,establisha(n)_______forscholarshipatauniversity.
A.bequestB.legacyC.endeavourD.endowment
19.Hebracedhimselfforthe_______ofaneveningspentwithhismother-in-law.
A.dangersB.threatsC.hazardsD.menaces
20.Ascientist_______judgementandrefrainsfromdrawingconclusionsuntilallthefactsareknown.
A.suspendsB.delaysC.adjournsD.defers
III.Fillineachblankwithonesuitableword(20points,1pointeach);writeyouranswerontheanswersheet.
Welive1anageofchangeandmobility.Thepersonwhohashadthesamejobfortwentyyearsandhaslivedinsamehouseforthattimemayhave
2___understandingmythoughtsexpressedhere.
UntilIwas15yearsoldIlivedinRochester,N.Y.DuringthattimeI3___threeelementaryschools,onejuniorhighschoolandonehighschool.MylasttwoyearsofhighschoolwereinMiamiBeach.IthenattendedalargestateuniversityforfouryearstoearnmyB.A.,followedbyfour4yearsataseconduniversitywhereIearnedmyPh.D.Ispentnomore5foreyearsatanyoftheseeightschools.Iamemployedinmythirdmajorjob.Ilefttheother6voluntarilyafterthreeyearseachandwentontosomethingnew.NowaftertwoyearsinmypresentpositionI’mactivelyconsideringwhatshouldcomenext.
Everythinghascomeintwo-,three-7four-yearcycles.Norootshere,norootsthere.Upwardmobilityisthetheme.What’snext,what’srighttogetthere,thinkingmoreofthefuturethanthe8…
Iwasanexcellentstudentinschool;.MyPhiBetaKappakeyremindsmethatIplayed9mostoftherules.Irealizenow,10manypeopledo,thatmostofthebooklearninghasslippedmymind,11themessagesgivenbytheteachersallthoseyearsstillringloudandstrong.Elementaryschoolprepareyouforjuniorhighschool.Juniorhighschoolprepareyouforhighschool,soonandsoforth.Ifyouworkhardenough12thefirstjob,thesecondjobwilloffermoreprestige,powerandpay.Youwouldgetintotheendlesscycleofaprosperousandworthwhilelife.
Nowasaneducator,Ihavebecomeclosefriends13manyofmypaststudents.Theirlivestooarespentintwo-,three-orfour-yearcycles.Theytooarespreadall14NorthAmerica.
Needlessto15,I’mnotsurethatIwanttochangemylife-style.IhaveanadvantagethatreportedlyamajorityofAmericansdonot16:
Ilikemywork..Eachchangeofjobshasbeenstimulatingandhascausedmetogrowasaperson.Iamaway17myextendedfamily,butIspendalotoftimewithmynuclearfamilyandfindmyrelationshipwithmywifeandthreechildrento
18___veryrewarding.Ihavemadefriendsallalongtheway.Ihavehatedtoleaveanyofthem,butIhaveenjoyedwatchinguschangeandgrowwitheachmoveandwitheachnewgroupoffriends.Lifeisalearningprocessandbylivingina19ofplacesintheU.S.Ihavecometorecognizeandappreciatethepluralismwithinthiscountry.Also,intellectuallyatleast,IallowmyselftothinkthatIam20ofafreethinker,apersonwhowilltakerisksandstatehisviewsevenifithappenstoendangerhisjobsecurity;Ipridemyselfonthis,infact.
IV.Reading(40points,2pointseach)
Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthemultiple-choicequestions;decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage1
Totalkaboutproblem-solvingordecision-makingwithinanationalenvironmentmeansexaminingmanycomplexculturalforces.Itmeanstryingtomeasuretheimpactoftheseforcesoncontemporarylife,andalsocomingtogripswithchangesnowtakingplace.
Forexample,theconceptofprofessionalidentitydiffersmarkedlybetweentheU.S.andJapan.IntheWest,theemphasisisonwhatamanorwomandoesforaliving.InJapanthemostimportantthingiswhatorganizationyouworkfor.Thisbecomessignificantwhenyouwanttoanalyzethedecision-takingordecision-makingprocess.AtleastitexplainsthejobstabilityinJapan,incontrasttothegreatjobmobilityinAmerica.
Whilewedifferinmanyways,suchdifferencesareneithersuperiornorinferiortoeachother,Aparticularpatternofmanagementbehaviordevelopsfromacomplexityofuniqueculturalfactors—andwillonlyworkinagivenculture.
Acharacteristicisbasedon“censusopinion”and“bottom-updirection”.InJapangreatconsiderationisgiventoandrelianceplacedonthethoughtsandopinionsofeveryoneatalllevels.Tounderstandthis,itisimportanttorealizethatJapanisadenselypopulatedhomogeneouscountry.Moreover,thepeopleareawareandarearticulate.Literacyisalmost100percent.Problemsareshared.
Thisbringsusthesecondpartofthischaracteristic.Theterm “bottom-up”referstoastyleofmanagement—perhapswhatyouwouldcallkeepingyourfingerontheimpulseofthepublic.ThedifferenceisthatinJapanwerecordtheimpulseandithasrealmeaning.Itinfluencesthedirectionfinallytakenatthetopregardingaspecificimportantissue.Inotherwords,westernstyleofdecision-makingprocesspredominantlyfromtopmanagementandoftendoesnotconsultthemiddlemanagementortheworkers,whileinJapanthedirectioncanbeformulatedatthelowestlevel,travelupwardthroughanorganization,andhaveanimpactonthefinaldecision.
Thisplacestimeasadifferentperspective.InJapanthewesterndeadlineapproachissecondarytoathoroughjob.ThusAmericansareoftenexasperatedbyseeminglyendlessmeetingsoftheJapanese.
ButwheretheAmericansarepressingforaspecificdecision,theJapanesearetryingtoformulatearatherbroaddirection.
Ontheotherhand,onceanagreementisreached,itistheJapanesewhosometimeswonderattheleisurelypaceofexecutionofWesterners.TheJapaneseareeagerforexecution,andWesternersliketotakethetimeforin-depthplanning.
1.Whencomparingdifferencebetweenconcepts,weshouldtakeintoaccountallthefollowingEXCEPT.
A.culturalforce
B.culturalforceoncontemporaryl
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