泛读3 Unit 10教材.docx
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泛读3 Unit 10教材.docx
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泛读3Unit10教材
Unit10
1.precipitation[prIsipə'teʃən] n.
thefallingtoearthofanyformofwater(rainorsnoworhailorsleetormist)【术语】(雨、雪等的)降落;降水量
eg.Therewillbeprecipitationonnorthernhillstonight.今夜北面山上有降雨。
Phrase:
probableprecipitation 可降水量
amountofprecipitation 降雨量
dustprecipitation 除尘
chemicalprecipitation 化学沉淀
precipitate[prɪˈsɪpɪˌtet]v
①(causeto)happensuddenlyorsooner;hasten(使)突然发生 .
eg.Acoolbreezecauseda precipitate dropinthetemperature.冷风使温度急降.
②throwsb/sthsuddenlyinto使突然陷入
eg.Thecartoverturnedand precipitated ustotheditch.车子翻了,我们被摔进了沟里。
③causeasubstancetodothis沉淀,析出
eg.Ironandaluminumcompounds precipitate asavoluminoussludge.铁和铝的化合物成为一种体积庞大的蓬松的游渣沉淀下来。
Phrase:
precipitateas凝结成
precipitateinto突然使某人〔物〕进入某种状态
2.insulate['ɪnsəleɪt]v.
①protectfromheat,cold,ornoisebysurroundingwithinsulatingmaterial使绝缘,使隔绝
eg.Rubberisusedto insulate electricwires. 橡皮用来给电线绝缘。
②placeorsetapart隔离,使孤立
eg.Tryingto insulate herselffromthechaossurroundingher. 竭力把她自己与周围的混乱隔开。
Phrase:
insulateagainst 防止…,与…隔绝
=separatefromsth
insulatefrom(v.+prep.)(使)与…隔绝,(使)免于…的危害
=separatefromsthsoastoprotect
3.crust [krʌst]n.
①ahardouterlayerthatcoverssomething硬外表,外壳
eg.The crust onthesnowwasthickenoughforustowalkonit.外层的雪已经冻硬,可以在上面行走。
②面包皮
eg.1.The crust ofthebreadisburnt. 这块面包的外皮烤焦了。
Phrase:
drycrust 干面包皮
earthcrust 地壳
ricecrusts 锅巴
4.surge [sɜːrdʒ]
v.①riseandmove,asinwavesorbillows.在浪涛中或如同波浪般前进
eg.Thecrowd surged pasthim.人们从他身边涌过。
②riserapidly;急剧上升
eg.Thevalueofexports surged lastyear.去年出口值激增。
n.① asuddenorabruptstrongincrease突然发生,激增
eg.Itfailedtostimulatea surge ofinvestmentinindustry. 这没有能刺激工业投资的激增。
②asuddenforcefulflow向前或向上的运动
eg.Thegreat surge hadbuiltupintheGulfStream.汹涌的巨浪在墨西哥湾流形成了。
Phrase:
surgeprotector浪涌电压保护器
stormsurge风暴大潮,风暴潮
surgelimit波动极限
Question1Indirectimpactsclimatechangehasonhumanhealthincludewhichpart?
Answer:
Includeairpollution,vector-bornedisease,waterqualityandquantity,nutritionalhealthandfoodsupplies,vulnerablesectorsofsocietymademorevulnerable.
Difficultsentence:
Combinedwithstormsurges,whichoccurwhenlowpressureweathersystemsandstrongonshorewindsraisewaterlevelstoameterabovenormal,areasthathadneverexperiencedfloodingbeforecouldbeatriskforflooding.
5.erosion[ɪˈrəʊʒ(ə)n]n.
themechanicalprocessofwearingorgrindingsomethingdown(asbyparticleswashingoverit).腐蚀,侵蚀,磨损.
Eg:
Morefamiliarlandscapeshavebeensculptedbysurfaceerosion.还有更多熟悉的地貌是因地表侵蚀形成的。
Phrase:
1.winderosion风蚀;风力侵蚀
2.erosionrate侵蚀率
6.vulnerable[ˈvʌlnərəbəl]adj.
(1).susceptibletoattack易受攻击的,有弱点的
eg:
Butmodernhumansweremorevulnerabletothecold.但是现代人更容易受到寒冷的攻击.
(2)capableofbeingwoundedorhurt.(指人)易受伤害的,脆弱的
eg:
Lackingself-confidenceandmaturity,manyteenagersareleftfeelingveryvulnerable.许多十几岁的孩子既缺乏自信又不够懂事,所以感情上十分脆弱。
Phrase:
1.vulnerablegroup弱势群体
2.vulnerablepart薄弱部分
7.contaminate[kənˈtæməˌnet]v.
(1)makeradioactivebyaddingradioactivematerial;污染eg:
Allovertheworld,oilspillsregularlycontaminatecoasts.在世界各地,油溢出物经常污染着海岸。
(2)makeimpure弄脏
eg:
Contaminateyourbed,andyouwillonenightsuffocateinyourownwaste.如果你弄脏了自己的环境,总有一天会窒息在你所丢弃的垃圾之中。
(3)玷污
eg:
Wehavetoconstantlyguardourheartandnotallowandcontaminateus.人生在世,必须时时刻刻保守自己的心,不让这个世界的不义玷污我们。
Phrase:
contaminateenvironment污染环境
8.deteriorate[dɪˈtɪriəreɪt]vt/vivt.becomeworseordisintegrate(使破裂)使恶化
eg:
Therearefearsthatthesituationmightdeteriorateintofull-scalewar.人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。
vi.growworse;变坏
eg:
Thisfoodwilldeterioraterapidlyoncontactwithair.这种食物一接触到空气即迅速变坏。
Phrase:
1.environmentdeteriorate环境恶化
2.deterioratedegree退化程度
3.significantlydeteriorate显著恶化
Question2:
Whatisthedirecteffectofclimatechangeonhumanhealth?
Answer:
ThedirecteffectofClimatechangeisitmaycauseextremeweatheranditriskofdeathorinjuryduetofloods,storms,orotherdisaster.
Difficultsentence:
Integratingclimatechangeintoexistingplaningprocessesisaneffectiveapproachtoadaptation.
9.Prevail [prɪ'veɪl]v
①盛行,流行begenerallyseen,done,etc.
Eg:
Thisfashionstillprevails.这种式样仍在流行。
②获胜,占优势 gainvictory;occupyadominantposition
Eg:
Justicehasprevailed;theguiltymanhasbeenpunished.正义得到伸张,罪犯受到惩罚。
10.Combustion[kəm'bʌstʃ(ə)n]n.
aprocessinwhichasubstancereactswithoxygentogiveheatandlight燃烧,氧化
Eg:
This means it can use oxygen fromtheatmosphere for combustion instead ofcarryingit onboard.这意味着它可以利用空气中的氧气进行燃烧,而不必随机携带氧气。
11.Dramatical[drə'mætik,-kəl] adj.
suitabletoorcharacteristicofdrama戏剧的
Eg:
However, the Great Depressionof the1930s hasdramatical influences onbusiness cycle research. 然而,30年代的大萧条对经济周期研究产生了戏剧性的影响。
12.substantive[ˈsʌbstəntɪv]adj.
beingtheessenceoressentialelementofathing.真实的;独立的;大量的.
Eg:
TheyplantomeetagaininRomeverysoontobeginsubstantivenegotiations.他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。
Question3:
Whatcouldgovernmentdotoprotecttheenvironment?
Answer:
Toprotectenvironment,thegovernmentmusttakeevenmoreconcretemeasures.First,itshouldletpeoplefullyrealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionthrougheducation.Second,muchmoreeffortsshouldbemadetoputthepopulationplanningpolicyintopractice,becausemorepeoplemeanmorepollution.Finally,thosewhodestroytheenvironmentintentionallyshouldbeseverelypunished.Weshouldletthemknowthatdestroyingenvironmentmeansdestroyingmankindthemselves.
13.Potential[pəˈtɛnʃəl]
adj.thatcandevelopintosthorbedevelopedinthefuture潜在的,有可能的;[语法学]可能语气的,表示可能性的;有能力的
eg:
Theyidentifiedsixplantsashavingpotentialfordevelopmentintopharmaceuticaldrugs.他们验明6种植物有可能提炼出药物麻醉剂。
N.(~for/fordoingsth)thepossibilityofsthhappeningorbeingdevelopedorused潜力,潜能;
eg:
Thereisenormous,acknowledgedanduntappedpotentialintheIndianstockmarkets.印度的股票市场蕴含着巨大的、公认的、尚未挖掘出来的潜力。
14.Infrastructure[ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ]n.
thebasicsystemsandservicesthatarenecessaryforacountryoranorganizationtorunsmoothly,forexamplebuildings,transportandwaterandpowersupplies基础设施;基础建设
eg:
Theinfrastructure,fromhotelstotransport,isoldanddecrepit.从宾馆到交通,所有的基础设施都已陈旧失修。
15.Municipal[mjuˈnɪsəpəl]adj.
Connectedwithorbelongingtoatown,cityordistrictthathasit’sownlocalgovernment市的,市政的;地方自治的;都市的,市营的,市制的;内政的
eg:
Thedecorwasreminiscentofamunicipalarts-and-leisurecentre.这种布置让人想起都市里的艺术休闲中心。
16.ecosystem[ˈi:
koʊsɪstəm]n.
asystemformedbytheinteractionofacommunityoforganismswiththeirphysicalenvironment.生态系统.
Eg:
Theecosystemwillbethrownoutofwhack[wæk].生态系统将会失去平衡。
Question4:
Whatcausedclimatechange?
Answer:
Itcausedbyhumanactivitysuchasthecombustionoffossilfuelsandthedestructionofforestswhichreleasesignificantvolumesofgreenhousegases(GHGS)intotheatmosphere.
17.acclimatization[əˌklaɪmətɪ'zeɪʃn]n.
adaptationtoanewclimate(anewtemperatureoraltitudeorenvironment)环境适应性
Eg:
Infact,leavesmayadapttosunorshadeasaresultofacclimatization.由于适应性,叶片能适应向阳或遮阴的条件。
18.catastrophic[ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk]adj.
extremelyharmful;bringingphysicalorfinancialruin.灾难的;惨重的,悲惨结局的
Eg:
Hismother'suntimelydeathhadacatastrophiceffectonhim.他母亲的早逝给了他沉重的打击。
19.respiratory[ˈrespərətɔ:
ri]adj.
pertainingtorespiration呼吸的.
Eg:
Acoldisaninfectionoftheupperrespiratorytract.感冒是上呼吸道的感染.
20.extreme[ɪkˈstrim]adj/n
Adj:
ofthegreatestpossibledegreeorextentorintensity.极端的,过激的.
Eg:
Theextremerightreareditsuglyheadinthe1980s.极右势力在20世纪80年代有所抬头。
N:
thefurthestorhighestdegreeofsomething.极端;困境.
Eg:
Thisextremeviewhasn'tcapturedpopularopinion.这种偏激的观点未被大众接受。
Question5:
Howshouldweadapttotheclimatechange?
Answer:
Integrateclimatechangeintoexistingplanningprocesses,makeadjustmentsinourdecisions,activities,andthinkinresponsetoobservedorexpectedchangesinclimate.
Difficultsentence:
Increasesintemperatures,prolongedsummerseasonsanddroughtorincreasedheavyrainfallcouldleadtochangesinwaterlevelsandflowswhichinturncouldleadtocontaminationofdrinkingwater.
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